The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology

Sara Razmjou, Darcy Litteljohn, Chris Rudyk, Shuaib Syed, Melanie Clarke, Rowan Pentz, Zach Dwyer, Shawn Hayley Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Abstract: Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) are resistant to current tre...

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Autores principales:	Razmjou S, Litteljohn D, Rudyk C, Syed S, Clarke M, Pentz R, Dwyer Z, Hayley S
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	depression ketamine magnesium treatment resistant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c42b095f923341df93ba59074273d612
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c42b095f923341df93ba59074273d6122021-12-02T02:16:29ZThe interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/c42b095f923341df93ba59074273d6122016-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-interactive-effects-of-ketamine-and-magnesium-upon-depressive-like-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Sara Razmjou, Darcy Litteljohn, Chris Rudyk, Shuaib Syed, Melanie Clarke, Rowan Pentz, Zach Dwyer, Shawn Hayley Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Abstract: Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) are resistant to current treatment methods, and the majority of cases relapse at some point during therapy. This has resulted in novel treatments being adopted, including subanesthetic doses of ketamine, which affects aberrant neuroplastic circuits, glutamatergic signaling, and the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Ketamine rapidly relieves depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients with effects that last for up to 2 weeks even after a single administration. However, it is also a drug with an abusive potential and can have marked side effects. Hence, this study aimed at enhancing the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine (allowing for lower dosing regimens) by coadministering magnesium hydroaspartate (Mg2+ normally affects the same receptors as ketamine) and also assessed whether an Mg2+-deficient diet would modify the impact of ketamine. It was found that a single 15 mg/kg dose of ketamine did indeed induce rapid antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test but did not affect brain levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Contrary to our hypothesis, magnesium administration or deficiency did not influence the impact of ketamine on these outcomes. Thus, these data do not support the use of magnesium as an adjunct agent and instead suggest that further research involving other antidepressant and animal models is required to confirm the present findings. Keywords: ketamine, depression, treatment resistance, ghrelin, BDNF, NMDARazmjou SLitteljohn DRudyk CSyed SClarke MPentz RDwyer ZHayley SDove Medical Pressarticledepressionketaminemagnesiumtreatment resistantNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 12, Pp 2049-2056 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	depression ketamine magnesium treatment resistant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	depression ketamine magnesium treatment resistant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Razmjou S Litteljohn D Rudyk C Syed S Clarke M Pentz R Dwyer Z Hayley S The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
description	Sara Razmjou, Darcy Litteljohn, Chris Rudyk, Shuaib Syed, Melanie Clarke, Rowan Pentz, Zach Dwyer, Shawn Hayley Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Abstract: Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) are resistant to current treatment methods, and the majority of cases relapse at some point during therapy. This has resulted in novel treatments being adopted, including subanesthetic doses of ketamine, which affects aberrant neuroplastic circuits, glutamatergic signaling, and the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Ketamine rapidly relieves depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients with effects that last for up to 2 weeks even after a single administration. However, it is also a drug with an abusive potential and can have marked side effects. Hence, this study aimed at enhancing the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine (allowing for lower dosing regimens) by coadministering magnesium hydroaspartate (Mg2+ normally affects the same receptors as ketamine) and also assessed whether an Mg2+-deficient diet would modify the impact of ketamine. It was found that a single 15 mg/kg dose of ketamine did indeed induce rapid antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test but did not affect brain levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Contrary to our hypothesis, magnesium administration or deficiency did not influence the impact of ketamine on these outcomes. Thus, these data do not support the use of magnesium as an adjunct agent and instead suggest that further research involving other antidepressant and animal models is required to confirm the present findings. Keywords: ketamine, depression, treatment resistance, ghrelin, BDNF, NMDA
format	article
author	Razmjou S Litteljohn D Rudyk C Syed S Clarke M Pentz R Dwyer Z Hayley S
author_facet	Razmjou S Litteljohn D Rudyk C Syed S Clarke M Pentz R Dwyer Z Hayley S
author_sort	Razmjou S
title	The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
title_short	The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
title_full	The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
title_fullStr	The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
title_full_unstemmed	The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
title_sort	interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/c42b095f923341df93ba59074273d612
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The interactive effects of ketamine and magnesium upon depressive-like pathology

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