Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface. It is hypothesized that dysbiosis of the conjunctival microbiota contributes to the development of DED. However, species-level compositions of the conjunctival microbiota in DED and the potential dysbio...

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Autores principales:	Qiaoxing Liang, Jing Li, Yanli Zou, Xiao Hu, Xiuli Deng, Bin Zou, Yu Liu, Lai Wei, Lingyi Liang, Xiaofeng Wen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	dry eye disease conjunctival microbiota metagenomic shotgun sequencing aqueous tear deficiency meibomian gland dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c47189d0f150433cb543d8a9c30a7085
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c47189d0f150433cb543d8a9c30a70852021-12-01T02:50:56ZMetagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.731867https://doaj.org/article/c47189d0f150433cb543d8a9c30a70852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.731867/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XBackground: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface. It is hypothesized that dysbiosis of the conjunctival microbiota contributes to the development of DED. However, species-level compositions of the conjunctival microbiota in DED and the potential dysbiosis involving microorganisms other than bacteria remain largely uncharacterized.Methods: We collected conjunctival impression samples from a cohort of 95 individuals, including 47 patients with DED and 48 healthy subjects. We examined the conjunctival microbiota of these samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analyzed microbial dysbiosis in DED at the species level.Results: The conjunctival microbiota in DED exhibited a decreased α-diversity and an increased inter-individual variation. The α-diversity of female patients with DED was higher than that of male patients. Despite a decreased prevalence in DED, 23 microbial species were identified to show abnormally high abundance in DED samples positive for the species. Among these species, a fungal species Malassezia globosa was enriched female patients. In addition, distinct patterns of associations with disease status were observed for different species of the same genus. For DED subtypes, Staphylococcus aureus and S. capitis were associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), whereas S. hominis was enriched in patients solely with aqueous tear deficiency (ATD). The microbiota of patients with a mixed type of diagnosis was more similar to MGD patients than ATD patients.Conclusion: We demonstrated that the conjunctival microbiota dysbiosis in DED is characterized by significant heterogeneity. Microbial signatures may offer novel insights into the complicated etiology of DED and potentially promote the development of personalized treatment for DED in the future.Qiaoxing LiangJing LiYanli ZouYanli ZouXiao HuXiuli DengBin ZouYu LiuLai WeiLingyi LiangXiaofeng WenFrontiers Media S.A.articledry eye diseaseconjunctival microbiotametagenomic shotgun sequencingaqueous tear deficiencymeibomian gland dysfunctionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dry eye disease conjunctival microbiota metagenomic shotgun sequencing aqueous tear deficiency meibomian gland dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	dry eye disease conjunctival microbiota metagenomic shotgun sequencing aqueous tear deficiency meibomian gland dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Qiaoxing Liang Jing Li Yanli Zou Yanli Zou Xiao Hu Xiuli Deng Bin Zou Yu Liu Lai Wei Lingyi Liang Xiaofeng Wen Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
description	Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface. It is hypothesized that dysbiosis of the conjunctival microbiota contributes to the development of DED. However, species-level compositions of the conjunctival microbiota in DED and the potential dysbiosis involving microorganisms other than bacteria remain largely uncharacterized.Methods: We collected conjunctival impression samples from a cohort of 95 individuals, including 47 patients with DED and 48 healthy subjects. We examined the conjunctival microbiota of these samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analyzed microbial dysbiosis in DED at the species level.Results: The conjunctival microbiota in DED exhibited a decreased α-diversity and an increased inter-individual variation. The α-diversity of female patients with DED was higher than that of male patients. Despite a decreased prevalence in DED, 23 microbial species were identified to show abnormally high abundance in DED samples positive for the species. Among these species, a fungal species Malassezia globosa was enriched female patients. In addition, distinct patterns of associations with disease status were observed for different species of the same genus. For DED subtypes, Staphylococcus aureus and S. capitis were associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), whereas S. hominis was enriched in patients solely with aqueous tear deficiency (ATD). The microbiota of patients with a mixed type of diagnosis was more similar to MGD patients than ATD patients.Conclusion: We demonstrated that the conjunctival microbiota dysbiosis in DED is characterized by significant heterogeneity. Microbial signatures may offer novel insights into the complicated etiology of DED and potentially promote the development of personalized treatment for DED in the future.
format	article
author	Qiaoxing Liang Jing Li Yanli Zou Yanli Zou Xiao Hu Xiuli Deng Bin Zou Yu Liu Lai Wei Lingyi Liang Xiaofeng Wen
author_facet	Qiaoxing Liang Jing Li Yanli Zou Yanli Zou Xiao Hu Xiuli Deng Bin Zou Yu Liu Lai Wei Lingyi Liang Xiaofeng Wen
author_sort	Qiaoxing Liang
title	Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
title_short	Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
title_full	Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
title_fullStr	Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
title_full_unstemmed	Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease
title_sort	metagenomic analysis reveals the heterogeneity of conjunctival microbiota dysbiosis in dry eye disease
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c47189d0f150433cb543d8a9c30a7085
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Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Conjunctival Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dry Eye Disease

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