Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).

With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory over...

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Autores principales:	Rob W M Van Soest, Nicole Boury-Esnault, Jean Vacelet, Martin Dohrmann, Dirk Erpenbeck, Nicole J De Voogd, Nadiezhda Santodomingo, Bart Vanhoorne, Michelle Kelly, John N A Hooper
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c48ef5b8ca19473088ac399193a610ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c48ef5b8ca19473088ac399193a610ae2021-11-18T07:20:36ZGlobal diversity of sponges (Porifera).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0035105https://doaj.org/article/c48ef5b8ca19473088ac399193a610ae2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22558119/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all 'known' sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.Rob W M Van SoestNicole Boury-EsnaultJean VaceletMartin DohrmannDirk ErpenbeckNicole J De VoogdNadiezhda SantodomingoBart VanhoorneMichelle KellyJohn N A HooperPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e35105 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rob W M Van Soest Nicole Boury-Esnault Jean Vacelet Martin Dohrmann Dirk Erpenbeck Nicole J De Voogd Nadiezhda Santodomingo Bart Vanhoorne Michelle Kelly John N A Hooper Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
description	With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all 'known' sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.
format	article
author	Rob W M Van Soest Nicole Boury-Esnault Jean Vacelet Martin Dohrmann Dirk Erpenbeck Nicole J De Voogd Nadiezhda Santodomingo Bart Vanhoorne Michelle Kelly John N A Hooper
author_facet	Rob W M Van Soest Nicole Boury-Esnault Jean Vacelet Martin Dohrmann Dirk Erpenbeck Nicole J De Voogd Nadiezhda Santodomingo Bart Vanhoorne Michelle Kelly John N A Hooper
author_sort	Rob W M Van Soest
title	Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
title_short	Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
title_full	Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
title_fullStr	Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
title_full_unstemmed	Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).
title_sort	global diversity of sponges (porifera).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/c48ef5b8ca19473088ac399193a610ae
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Global diversity of sponges (Porifera).

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