Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle

Abstract Nominally anhydrous minerals formed deep in the mantle and transported to the Earth’s surface contain tens to hundreds of ppm wt H2O, providing evidence for the presence of dissolved water in the Earth’s interior. Even at these low concentrations, H2O greatly affects the physico-chemical pr...

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Autores principales:	Davide Novella, Benjamin Jacobsen, Peter K. Weber, James A. Tyburczy, Frederick J. Ryerson, Wyatt L. Du Frane
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4c4aea43983455aaccfe7ff2219ce62
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4c4aea43983455aaccfe7ff2219ce622021-12-02T12:32:30ZHydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle10.1038/s41598-017-05113-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c4c4aea43983455aaccfe7ff2219ce622017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05113-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nominally anhydrous minerals formed deep in the mantle and transported to the Earth’s surface contain tens to hundreds of ppm wt H2O, providing evidence for the presence of dissolved water in the Earth’s interior. Even at these low concentrations, H2O greatly affects the physico-chemical properties of mantle materials, governing planetary dynamics and evolution. The diffusion of hydrogen (H) controls the transport of H2O in the Earth’s upper mantle, but is not fully understood for olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4) the most abundant mineral in this region. Here we present new hydrogen self-diffusion coefficients in natural olivine single crystals that were determined at upper mantle conditions (2 GPa and 750–900 °C). Hydrogen self-diffusion is highly anisotropic, with values at 900 °C of 10−10.9, 10−12.8 and 10−11.9 m2/s along [100], [010] and [001] directions, respectively. Combined with the Nernst-Einstein relation, these diffusion results constrain the contribution of H to the electrical conductivity of olivine to be σH = 102.12S/m·CH2O·exp−187kJ/mol/(RT). Comparisons between the model presented in this study and magnetotelluric measurements suggest that plausible H2O concentrations in the upper mantle (≤250 ppm wt) can account for high electrical conductivity values (10−2–10−1 S/m) observed in the asthenosphere.Davide NovellaBenjamin JacobsenPeter K. WeberJames A. TyburczyFrederick J. RyersonWyatt L. Du FraneNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Davide Novella Benjamin Jacobsen Peter K. Weber James A. Tyburczy Frederick J. Ryerson Wyatt L. Du Frane Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
description	Abstract Nominally anhydrous minerals formed deep in the mantle and transported to the Earth’s surface contain tens to hundreds of ppm wt H2O, providing evidence for the presence of dissolved water in the Earth’s interior. Even at these low concentrations, H2O greatly affects the physico-chemical properties of mantle materials, governing planetary dynamics and evolution. The diffusion of hydrogen (H) controls the transport of H2O in the Earth’s upper mantle, but is not fully understood for olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4) the most abundant mineral in this region. Here we present new hydrogen self-diffusion coefficients in natural olivine single crystals that were determined at upper mantle conditions (2 GPa and 750–900 °C). Hydrogen self-diffusion is highly anisotropic, with values at 900 °C of 10−10.9, 10−12.8 and 10−11.9 m2/s along [100], [010] and [001] directions, respectively. Combined with the Nernst-Einstein relation, these diffusion results constrain the contribution of H to the electrical conductivity of olivine to be σH = 102.12S/m·CH2O·exp−187kJ/mol/(RT). Comparisons between the model presented in this study and magnetotelluric measurements suggest that plausible H2O concentrations in the upper mantle (≤250 ppm wt) can account for high electrical conductivity values (10−2–10−1 S/m) observed in the asthenosphere.
format	article
author	Davide Novella Benjamin Jacobsen Peter K. Weber James A. Tyburczy Frederick J. Ryerson Wyatt L. Du Frane
author_facet	Davide Novella Benjamin Jacobsen Peter K. Weber James A. Tyburczy Frederick J. Ryerson Wyatt L. Du Frane
author_sort	Davide Novella
title	Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
title_short	Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
title_full	Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
title_fullStr	Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
title_full_unstemmed	Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle
title_sort	hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the earth’s mantle
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4c4aea43983455aaccfe7ff2219ce62
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidenovella hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle AT benjaminjacobsen hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle AT peterkweber hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle AT jamesatyburczy hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle AT frederickjryerson hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle AT wyattldufrane hydrogenselfdiffusioninsinglecrystalolivineandelectricalconductivityoftheearthsmantle
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Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth’s mantle

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