Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks

Supply water is an important source of human exposure to heavy metals through the oral pathway. Due to stagnation of water in plumbing systems, exposure concentrations of heavy metals from tap water can be higher than water distribution systems (WDS), which is often ignored by the regulatory agencie...

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Autores principales:	Shakhawat Chowdhury, Fayzul Kabir, Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder, Khalid Alhooshani, Amir Al-Ahmed, M. S. Al-Suwaiyan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	heavy metals hot water tank model validation modeling heavy metal concentrations plumbing premise water stagnation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4d1cf9df6c64225ad580fa861506187
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4d1cf9df6c64225ad580fa8615061872021-11-05T17:19:36ZModels for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks2709-80282709-803610.2166/aqua.2021.065https://doaj.org/article/c4d1cf9df6c64225ad580fa8615061872021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://aqua.iwaponline.com/content/70/7/1038https://doaj.org/toc/2709-8028https://doaj.org/toc/2709-8036Supply water is an important source of human exposure to heavy metals through the oral pathway. Due to stagnation of water in plumbing systems, exposure concentrations of heavy metals from tap water can be higher than water distribution systems (WDS), which is often ignored by the regulatory agencies. In this study, concentrations of a few heavy metals (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)) and water quality parameters were monitored in WDS, plumbing pipe (PP) and hot water tanks (HWT). Multiple models were trained for predicting metal concentrations in PP and HWT, which were validated. Heavy metal concentrations in HWT were 1.2–8.1 and 1.4–6.7 times the concentrations in WDS and PP respectively. Concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg and Zn were in the increasing order of WDS, PP and HWT. Concentrations of Cr and Fe were higher during summer while Cu and Zn were higher in winter. The models showed variable performances for PP and HWT (R2: PP = 0.61–0.99; HWT = 0.71–0.99). The validation data demonstrated variable correlation coefficients (r: PP = 0.45–0.99; HWT = 0.83–0.99). Few models can be used for predicting heavy metals in tap water to reduce the cost of expensive sampling and analysis. HIGHLIGHTS Heavy metal (HM) concentrations were in the increasing order of WDS, PP and HWT.; Few HM were higher in summer than winter while others were higher in winter.; Multiple models were trained and validated to predict HM in PP and HWT.; Models showed varying performances (R2 for PP: 0.61–0.99; HWT: 0.71–0.99).; Few models were useful to predict HM in PP and HWT with very good accuracy.;Shakhawat ChowdhuryFayzul KabirMohammad Abu Jafar MazumderKhalid AlhooshaniAmir Al-AhmedM. S. Al-SuwaiyanIWA Publishingarticleheavy metalshot water tankmodel validationmodeling heavy metal concentrationsplumbing premisewater stagnationEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENAqua, Vol 70, Iss 7, Pp 1038-1052 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heavy metals hot water tank model validation modeling heavy metal concentrations plumbing premise water stagnation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	heavy metals hot water tank model validation modeling heavy metal concentrations plumbing premise water stagnation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Shakhawat Chowdhury Fayzul Kabir Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Khalid Alhooshani Amir Al-Ahmed M. S. Al-Suwaiyan Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
description	Supply water is an important source of human exposure to heavy metals through the oral pathway. Due to stagnation of water in plumbing systems, exposure concentrations of heavy metals from tap water can be higher than water distribution systems (WDS), which is often ignored by the regulatory agencies. In this study, concentrations of a few heavy metals (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)) and water quality parameters were monitored in WDS, plumbing pipe (PP) and hot water tanks (HWT). Multiple models were trained for predicting metal concentrations in PP and HWT, which were validated. Heavy metal concentrations in HWT were 1.2–8.1 and 1.4–6.7 times the concentrations in WDS and PP respectively. Concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg and Zn were in the increasing order of WDS, PP and HWT. Concentrations of Cr and Fe were higher during summer while Cu and Zn were higher in winter. The models showed variable performances for PP and HWT (R2: PP = 0.61–0.99; HWT = 0.71–0.99). The validation data demonstrated variable correlation coefficients (r: PP = 0.45–0.99; HWT = 0.83–0.99). Few models can be used for predicting heavy metals in tap water to reduce the cost of expensive sampling and analysis. HIGHLIGHTS Heavy metal (HM) concentrations were in the increasing order of WDS, PP and HWT.; Few HM were higher in summer than winter while others were higher in winter.; Multiple models were trained and validated to predict HM in PP and HWT.; Models showed varying performances (R2 for PP: 0.61–0.99; HWT: 0.71–0.99).; Few models were useful to predict HM in PP and HWT with very good accuracy.;
format	article
author	Shakhawat Chowdhury Fayzul Kabir Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Khalid Alhooshani Amir Al-Ahmed M. S. Al-Suwaiyan
author_facet	Shakhawat Chowdhury Fayzul Kabir Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Khalid Alhooshani Amir Al-Ahmed M. S. Al-Suwaiyan
author_sort	Shakhawat Chowdhury
title	Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
title_short	Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
title_full	Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
title_fullStr	Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
title_full_unstemmed	Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
title_sort	models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4d1cf9df6c64225ad580fa861506187
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Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks

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