Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD

The use of various veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal husbandry raises serious concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin are the most frequently used antimicrobial compounds in animal hu...

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Autores principales:	Mohamed S. Gaballah, Xin Li, Zijia Zhang, Abdulaziz Al-Anazi, Hui Sun, Mostafa Sobhi, Mperejekumana Philbert, Mohamed A. Ghorab, Jianbin Guo, Renjie Dong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	UHPLC on-line SPE swine manure veterinary antibiotics Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4d1db7393e84619b1fd9c57ad8d2a35
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4d1db7393e84619b1fd9c57ad8d2a352021-11-25T16:24:42ZDetermination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD10.3390/antibiotics101113972079-6382https://doaj.org/article/c4d1db7393e84619b1fd9c57ad8d2a352021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1397https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382The use of various veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal husbandry raises serious concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin are the most frequently used antimicrobial compounds in animal husbandry and generate large eco-toxicological effects; however, they are still difficult to determine in a complex matrix such as swine manure. This study has developed an effective method for detecting five VAs in swine manure using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) coupled with on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE). The results show that the mobile phase of ACN/0.01 M oxalic acid was the optimum at pH 3.0. VAs in a swine manure matrix were extracted using solid extraction buffer solution (T3) with 97.36% recovery. Sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were also evaluated. The validity study showed good linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be from 0.1 to 0.42 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> in the liquid fraction and from 0.032 to 0.58 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dw in the solid fraction. The corresponding values of the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.32 to 1.27 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for the liquid fraction and from 0.096 to 1.77 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dw for the solid fraction. Therefore, the proposed method showed the potential applicability for detecting different antibiotic compounds from swine manure samples.Mohamed S. GaballahXin LiZijia ZhangAbdulaziz Al-AnaziHui SunMostafa SobhiMperejekumana PhilbertMohamed A. GhorabJianbin GuoRenjie DongMDPI AGarticleUHPLCon-line SPEswine manureveterinary antibioticsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 1397, p 1397 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	UHPLC on-line SPE swine manure veterinary antibiotics Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	UHPLC on-line SPE swine manure veterinary antibiotics Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Mohamed S. Gaballah Xin Li Zijia Zhang Abdulaziz Al-Anazi Hui Sun Mostafa Sobhi Mperejekumana Philbert Mohamed A. Ghorab Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
description	The use of various veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal husbandry raises serious concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin are the most frequently used antimicrobial compounds in animal husbandry and generate large eco-toxicological effects; however, they are still difficult to determine in a complex matrix such as swine manure. This study has developed an effective method for detecting five VAs in swine manure using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) coupled with on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE). The results show that the mobile phase of ACN/0.01 M oxalic acid was the optimum at pH 3.0. VAs in a swine manure matrix were extracted using solid extraction buffer solution (T3) with 97.36% recovery. Sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were also evaluated. The validity study showed good linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be from 0.1 to 0.42 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> in the liquid fraction and from 0.032 to 0.58 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dw in the solid fraction. The corresponding values of the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.32 to 1.27 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for the liquid fraction and from 0.096 to 1.77 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dw for the solid fraction. Therefore, the proposed method showed the potential applicability for detecting different antibiotic compounds from swine manure samples.
format	article
author	Mohamed S. Gaballah Xin Li Zijia Zhang Abdulaziz Al-Anazi Hui Sun Mostafa Sobhi Mperejekumana Philbert Mohamed A. Ghorab Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong
author_facet	Mohamed S. Gaballah Xin Li Zijia Zhang Abdulaziz Al-Anazi Hui Sun Mostafa Sobhi Mperejekumana Philbert Mohamed A. Ghorab Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong
author_sort	Mohamed S. Gaballah
title	Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
title_short	Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
title_full	Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
title_fullStr	Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD
title_sort	determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin in swine manure using a coupled method of on-line solid-phase extraction with the uhplc–dad
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4d1db7393e84619b1fd9c57ad8d2a35
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Determination of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Norfloxacin, and Enrofloxacin in Swine Manure Using a Coupled Method of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction with the UHPLC–DAD

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