Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

Nowadays, one very dynamic development of 3D printing technology is required in the construction industry. However, the full implementation of this technology requires the optimization of the entire process, starting from the design of printing ideas, and ending with the development and implementati...

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Autores principales:	Joanna Marczyk, Celina Ziejewska, Szymon Gądek, Kinga Korniejenko, Michał Łach, Mateusz Góra, Izabela Kurek, Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur, Marek Hebda, Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3D printing hybrids fly ash concrete metakaolin Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4d8de7b4c164f5e8cc21766c07f4615
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4d8de7b4c164f5e8cc21766c07f46152021-11-25T18:14:22ZHybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing10.3390/ma142268741996-1944https://doaj.org/article/c4d8de7b4c164f5e8cc21766c07f46152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6874https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Nowadays, one very dynamic development of 3D printing technology is required in the construction industry. However, the full implementation of this technology requires the optimization of the entire process, starting from the design of printing ideas, and ending with the development and implementation of new materials. The article presents, for the first time, the development of hybrid materials based on a geopolymer or ordinary Portland cement matrix that can be used for various 3D concrete-printing methods. Raw materials used in the research were defined by particle size distribution, specific surface area, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, radioactivity tests, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and leaching. The geopolymers, concrete, and hybrid samples were described according to compressive strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance. The study also evaluates the influence of the liquid-to-solid ratio on the properties of geopolymers, based on fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). Printing tests of the analyzed mixtures were also carried out and their suitability for various applications related to 3D printing technology was assessed. Geopolymers and hybrids based on a geopolymer matrix with the addition of 5% cement resulted in the final materials behaving similarly to a non-Newtonian fluid. Without additional treatments, this type of material can be successfully used to fill the molds. The hybrid materials based on cement with a 5% addition of geopolymer, based on both FA and MK, enabled precise detail printing.Joanna MarczykCelina ZiejewskaSzymon GądekKinga KorniejenkoMichał ŁachMateusz GóraIzabela KurekNeslihan Doğan-SağlamtimurMarek HebdaMagdalena Szechyńska-HebdaMDPI AGarticle3D printinghybridsfly ashconcretemetakaolinTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6874, p 6874 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D printing hybrids fly ash concrete metakaolin Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	3D printing hybrids fly ash concrete metakaolin Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Joanna Marczyk Celina Ziejewska Szymon Gądek Kinga Korniejenko Michał Łach Mateusz Góra Izabela Kurek Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur Marek Hebda Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
description	Nowadays, one very dynamic development of 3D printing technology is required in the construction industry. However, the full implementation of this technology requires the optimization of the entire process, starting from the design of printing ideas, and ending with the development and implementation of new materials. The article presents, for the first time, the development of hybrid materials based on a geopolymer or ordinary Portland cement matrix that can be used for various 3D concrete-printing methods. Raw materials used in the research were defined by particle size distribution, specific surface area, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, radioactivity tests, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and leaching. The geopolymers, concrete, and hybrid samples were described according to compressive strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance. The study also evaluates the influence of the liquid-to-solid ratio on the properties of geopolymers, based on fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). Printing tests of the analyzed mixtures were also carried out and their suitability for various applications related to 3D printing technology was assessed. Geopolymers and hybrids based on a geopolymer matrix with the addition of 5% cement resulted in the final materials behaving similarly to a non-Newtonian fluid. Without additional treatments, this type of material can be successfully used to fill the molds. The hybrid materials based on cement with a 5% addition of geopolymer, based on both FA and MK, enabled precise detail printing.
format	article
author	Joanna Marczyk Celina Ziejewska Szymon Gądek Kinga Korniejenko Michał Łach Mateusz Góra Izabela Kurek Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur Marek Hebda Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
author_facet	Joanna Marczyk Celina Ziejewska Szymon Gądek Kinga Korniejenko Michał Łach Mateusz Góra Izabela Kurek Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur Marek Hebda Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
author_sort	Joanna Marczyk
title	Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
title_short	Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
title_full	Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
title_fullStr	Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
title_full_unstemmed	Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing
title_sort	hybrid materials based on fly ash, metakaolin, and cement for 3d printing
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4d8de7b4c164f5e8cc21766c07f4615
work_keys_str_mv	AT joannamarczyk hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT celinaziejewska hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT szymongadek hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT kingakorniejenko hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT michałłach hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT mateuszgora hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT izabelakurek hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT neslihandogansaglamtimur hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT marekhebda hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting AT magdalenaszechynskahebda hybridmaterialsbasedonflyashmetakaolinandcementfor3dprinting
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Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

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