Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments

Covalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%,...

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Autores principales:	Reem Sabah Mohammad, Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy, Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan, Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla, Miklas Scholz, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	graphene nanoplatelets cost saving power plant management turbulent flow pumping power pressure drop Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d27
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d272021-11-25T18:32:23ZFrictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments10.3390/nano111130942079-4991https://doaj.org/article/c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d272021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3094https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Covalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%. Different tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible-spectrophotometer (UV-visible), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, and nanoparticle sizing were used for the data preparation. The thermophysical properties of the working fluids were experimentally determined using the testing conditions established via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that had been designed to solve governing equations involving distilled water (DW) and nanofluidic flows. The average error between the numerical solution and the Blasius formula was ~4.85%. Relative to the DW, the pressure dropped by 27.80% for 0.025 wt.%, 35.69% for 0.05 wt.%, 41.61% for 0.075 wt.%, and 47.04% for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, the pumping power increased by 3.8% for 0.025 wt.%, 5.3% for 0.05 wt.%, 6.6% for 0.075%, and 7.8% for 0.1 wt.%. The research findings on the cost analysis demonstrated that the daily electric costs were USD 214, 350, 416, 482, and 558 for DW of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively.Reem Sabah MohammadMohammed Suleman AldlemyMu’ataz S. Al HassanAziz Ibrahim AbdullaMiklas ScholzZaher Mundher YaseenMDPI AGarticlegraphene nanoplateletscost savingpower plant managementturbulent flowpumping powerpressure dropChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3094, p 3094 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	graphene nanoplatelets cost saving power plant management turbulent flow pumping power pressure drop Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	graphene nanoplatelets cost saving power plant management turbulent flow pumping power pressure drop Chemistry QD1-999 Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
description	Covalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%. Different tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible-spectrophotometer (UV-visible), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, and nanoparticle sizing were used for the data preparation. The thermophysical properties of the working fluids were experimentally determined using the testing conditions established via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that had been designed to solve governing equations involving distilled water (DW) and nanofluidic flows. The average error between the numerical solution and the Blasius formula was ~4.85%. Relative to the DW, the pressure dropped by 27.80% for 0.025 wt.%, 35.69% for 0.05 wt.%, 41.61% for 0.075 wt.%, and 47.04% for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, the pumping power increased by 3.8% for 0.025 wt.%, 5.3% for 0.05 wt.%, 6.6% for 0.075%, and 7.8% for 0.1 wt.%. The research findings on the cost analysis demonstrated that the daily electric costs were USD 214, 350, 416, 482, and 558 for DW of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively.
format	article
author	Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen
author_facet	Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen
author_sort	Reem Sabah Mohammad
title	Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
title_short	Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
title_full	Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
title_fullStr	Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
title_full_unstemmed	Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
title_sort	frictional pressure drop and cost savings for graphene nanoplatelets nanofluids in turbulent flow environments
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d27
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Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments

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