Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model

Mary C Machado,1 Thomas J Webster2 1Center for Biomedical Engineering, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA; 2Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilati...

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Autores principales:	Machado MC, Webster TJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	Biofilm Laminar flow Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Nanotechnology Endotracheal Tubes S. aureus P. aeruginosa Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4f8eb4dab374e09a5236ca281110da7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4f8eb4dab374e09a5236ca281110da72021-12-02T03:58:28ZDecreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/c4f8eb4dab374e09a5236ca281110da72016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/decreased-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-biofilm-formation-on-nanomodified-end-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Mary C Machado,1 Thomas J Webster2 1Center for Biomedical Engineering, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA; 2Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation that has been shown to be associated with increased mortality rates and medical costs in the pediatric intensive care unit. Currently, there is no cost-effective solution to the problems posed by VAP. Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) that are resistant to bacterial colonization and that inhibit biofilm formation could provide a novel solution to the problems posed by VAP. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate differences in the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on unmodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ETTs and on ETTs etched with a fungal lipase, Rhizopus arrhizus, to create nanoscale surface features. These differences were evaluated using an in vitro model of the pediatric airway to simulate a ventilated patient in the pediatric intensive care unit. Each experiment was run for 24 hours and was supported by computational models of the ETT. Dynamic conditions within the ETT had an impact on the location of bacterial growth within the tube. These conditions also quantitatively affected bacterial growth especially within the areas of tube curvature. Most importantly, experiments in the in vitro model revealed a 2.7 log reduction in the number (colony forming units/mL) of P. aeruginosa on the nanoroughened ETTs compared to the untreated PVC ETTs after 24 hours. This reduction in total colony forming units/mL along the x-axis of the tube was similar to previous studies completed for Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this dynamic study showed that lipase etching can create surface features of nanoscale roughness on PVC ETTs that decrease bacterial attachment of P. aeruginosa without the use of antibiotics and may provide clinicians with an effective and inexpensive tool to combat VAP. Keywords: biofilm, laminar flow, ventilator-associated pneumonia, nanotechnology, endotracheal tubes, Pseudomonas aeruginosaMachado MCWebster TJDove Medical PressarticleBiofilmLaminar flowVentilator Associated PneumoniaNanotechnologyEndotracheal TubesS. aureusP. aeruginosaMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2016, Iss default, Pp 3825-3831 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biofilm Laminar flow Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Nanotechnology Endotracheal Tubes S. aureus P. aeruginosa Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Biofilm Laminar flow Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Nanotechnology Endotracheal Tubes S. aureus P. aeruginosa Medicine (General) R5-920 Machado MC Webster TJ Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
description	Mary C Machado,1 Thomas J Webster2 1Center for Biomedical Engineering, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA; 2Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Engineering Brown University, RI, USA Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation that has been shown to be associated with increased mortality rates and medical costs in the pediatric intensive care unit. Currently, there is no cost-effective solution to the problems posed by VAP. Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) that are resistant to bacterial colonization and that inhibit biofilm formation could provide a novel solution to the problems posed by VAP. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate differences in the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on unmodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ETTs and on ETTs etched with a fungal lipase, Rhizopus arrhizus, to create nanoscale surface features. These differences were evaluated using an in vitro model of the pediatric airway to simulate a ventilated patient in the pediatric intensive care unit. Each experiment was run for 24 hours and was supported by computational models of the ETT. Dynamic conditions within the ETT had an impact on the location of bacterial growth within the tube. These conditions also quantitatively affected bacterial growth especially within the areas of tube curvature. Most importantly, experiments in the in vitro model revealed a 2.7 log reduction in the number (colony forming units/mL) of P. aeruginosa on the nanoroughened ETTs compared to the untreated PVC ETTs after 24 hours. This reduction in total colony forming units/mL along the x-axis of the tube was similar to previous studies completed for Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this dynamic study showed that lipase etching can create surface features of nanoscale roughness on PVC ETTs that decrease bacterial attachment of P. aeruginosa without the use of antibiotics and may provide clinicians with an effective and inexpensive tool to combat VAP. Keywords: biofilm, laminar flow, ventilator-associated pneumonia, nanotechnology, endotracheal tubes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
format	article
author	Machado MC Webster TJ
author_facet	Machado MC Webster TJ
author_sort	Machado MC
title	Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
title_short	Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
title_full	Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
title_fullStr	Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
title_full_unstemmed	Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
title_sort	decreased pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4f8eb4dab374e09a5236ca281110da7
work_keys_str_mv	AT machadomc decreasedpseudomonasaeruginosabiofilmformationonnanomodifiedendotrachealtubesadynamiclungmodel AT webstertj decreasedpseudomonasaeruginosabiofilmformationonnanomodifiedendotrachealtubesadynamiclungmodel
_version_	1718401515785289728

Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on nanomodified endotracheal tubes: a dynamic lung model

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