A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity

Abstract While the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern ‘Western’ diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose...

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Autores principales:	Omkar L. Patkar, Abdalla Z. Mohamed, Ashwin Narayanan, Karine Mardon, Gary Cowin, Rajiv Bhalla, Damion H. R. Stimson, Michael Kassiou, Kate Beecher, Arnauld Belmer, Ignatius Alvarez Cooper, Michael Morgan, David A. Hume, Katharine M. Irvine, Selena E. Bartlett, Fatima Nasrallah, Paul Cumming
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c523c0f955e34761879d7926be4d415f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c523c0f955e34761879d7926be4d415f2021-12-02T14:42:20ZA binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity10.1038/s41598-021-90817-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c523c0f955e34761879d7926be4d415f2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90817-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract While the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern ‘Western’ diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose in addition to normal chow would develop an inflammatory response in brain. To test this hypothesis, we undertook serial PET/MRI scans with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA714 in a group of (n=9) rats at baseline and again after voluntarily consuming 5% sucrose solution three days a week for three months. Compared to a control group fed with normal chow (n=9), the sucrose rats indeed showed widespread increases in the availability of cerebral binding sites for the microglial marker, despite normal weight gain compared to the control diet group. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the brains confirmed the PET findings, showing a widespread 20% increase in the abundance of IBA-1-positive microglia with characteristic ‘semi-activated’ morphology in the binge sucrose rats, which had 23% lower density of microglial endpoints and 25% lower mean process length compared to microglia in the control rats with ordinary feeding. GFAP immunofluorescence showed no difference in astroglial coverage in the sucrose rats, except for a slight reduction in hypothalamus. The binge sucrose diet-induced neuroinflammation was associated with a significant elevation of white blood cell counts. Taking these results together, we find that long-term intake of sucrose in a binge paradigm, similar in sucrose content to the contemporary Western diet, triggered a low-grade systemic and central inflammation in non-obese rats. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be established.Omkar L. PatkarAbdalla Z. MohamedAshwin NarayananKarine MardonGary CowinRajiv BhallaDamion H. R. StimsonMichael KassiouKate BeecherArnauld BelmerIgnatius Alvarez CooperMichael MorganDavid A. HumeKatharine M. IrvineSelena E. BartlettFatima NasrallahPaul CummingNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Omkar L. Patkar Abdalla Z. Mohamed Ashwin Narayanan Karine Mardon Gary Cowin Rajiv Bhalla Damion H. R. Stimson Michael Kassiou Kate Beecher Arnauld Belmer Ignatius Alvarez Cooper Michael Morgan David A. Hume Katharine M. Irvine Selena E. Bartlett Fatima Nasrallah Paul Cumming A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
description	Abstract While the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern ‘Western’ diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose in addition to normal chow would develop an inflammatory response in brain. To test this hypothesis, we undertook serial PET/MRI scans with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA714 in a group of (n=9) rats at baseline and again after voluntarily consuming 5% sucrose solution three days a week for three months. Compared to a control group fed with normal chow (n=9), the sucrose rats indeed showed widespread increases in the availability of cerebral binding sites for the microglial marker, despite normal weight gain compared to the control diet group. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the brains confirmed the PET findings, showing a widespread 20% increase in the abundance of IBA-1-positive microglia with characteristic ‘semi-activated’ morphology in the binge sucrose rats, which had 23% lower density of microglial endpoints and 25% lower mean process length compared to microglia in the control rats with ordinary feeding. GFAP immunofluorescence showed no difference in astroglial coverage in the sucrose rats, except for a slight reduction in hypothalamus. The binge sucrose diet-induced neuroinflammation was associated with a significant elevation of white blood cell counts. Taking these results together, we find that long-term intake of sucrose in a binge paradigm, similar in sucrose content to the contemporary Western diet, triggered a low-grade systemic and central inflammation in non-obese rats. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be established.
format	article
author	Omkar L. Patkar Abdalla Z. Mohamed Ashwin Narayanan Karine Mardon Gary Cowin Rajiv Bhalla Damion H. R. Stimson Michael Kassiou Kate Beecher Arnauld Belmer Ignatius Alvarez Cooper Michael Morgan David A. Hume Katharine M. Irvine Selena E. Bartlett Fatima Nasrallah Paul Cumming
author_facet	Omkar L. Patkar Abdalla Z. Mohamed Ashwin Narayanan Karine Mardon Gary Cowin Rajiv Bhalla Damion H. R. Stimson Michael Kassiou Kate Beecher Arnauld Belmer Ignatius Alvarez Cooper Michael Morgan David A. Hume Katharine M. Irvine Selena E. Bartlett Fatima Nasrallah Paul Cumming
author_sort	Omkar L. Patkar
title	A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
title_short	A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
title_full	A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
title_fullStr	A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
title_full_unstemmed	A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
title_sort	binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c523c0f955e34761879d7926be4d415f
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A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity

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