Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.

<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is one of the world's mostly spread zoonoses causing acute fever. Over years, leptospirosis has been reported to occur rarely in Austria and Germany (annual incidence of 0.06/100,000 in Germany). Only imported cases have been on the increase. Objecti...

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Autores principales:	Martin Hoenigl, Carina Wallner, Franz Allerberger, Friedrich Schmoll, Katharina Seeber, Jasmin Wagner, Thomas Valentin, Ines Zollner-Schwetz, Holger Flick, Robert Krause
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c531a41730c3425297929bc4517e95a2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c531a41730c3425297929bc4517e95a22021-11-18T08:37:13ZAutochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0085974https://doaj.org/article/c531a41730c3425297929bc4517e95a22014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465820/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is one of the world's mostly spread zoonoses causing acute fever. Over years, leptospirosis has been reported to occur rarely in Austria and Germany (annual incidence of 0.06/100,000 in Germany). Only imported cases have been on the increase. Objectives of this case-series study were to retrospectively assess epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of leptospirosis illnesses in South-East Austria, to describe risk exposures for autochthonous infections, and to compare patients with imported versus autochthonous infection.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>During the 9-year period between 2004 and 2012, 127 adult patients (49 females, 78 males) who tested positive by rapid point-of-care test for Leptospira-specific IgM (Leptocheck®) were identified through electronic hospital databases. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with 82 patients. A total of 114 (89.8%) of the 127 patients enrolled had acquired leptospirosis within Austria and 13 (10.2%) had potentially imported infections. Most autochthonous cases were diagnosed during the months of June and July, whereas fewest were diagnosed during the winter months. Exposure to rodents, recreational activities in woods or wet areas, gardening, cleaning of basements or huts were the most common risk exposures found in autochthonous infection. Serogroups Australis (n = 23), Sejroe (n = 22), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 11) were identified most frequently by MAT testing in autochthonous infections. Patients with imported leptospirosis were significantly younger, less likely to be icteric and had significantly lower liver transaminase levels (p = 0.004) than those with autochthonous infections.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Leptospirosis is endemic in South-East Austria. In contrast to reports from other countries we found a relatively high proportion of leptospirosis cases to be female (39% vs. ∼ 10%), likely the result of differing risk exposures for South-East Austria.Martin HoeniglCarina WallnerFranz AllerbergerFriedrich SchmollKatharina SeeberJasmin WagnerThomas ValentinInes Zollner-SchwetzHolger FlickRobert KrausePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e85974 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Martin Hoenigl Carina Wallner Franz Allerberger Friedrich Schmoll Katharina Seeber Jasmin Wagner Thomas Valentin Ines Zollner-Schwetz Holger Flick Robert Krause Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is one of the world's mostly spread zoonoses causing acute fever. Over years, leptospirosis has been reported to occur rarely in Austria and Germany (annual incidence of 0.06/100,000 in Germany). Only imported cases have been on the increase. Objectives of this case-series study were to retrospectively assess epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of leptospirosis illnesses in South-East Austria, to describe risk exposures for autochthonous infections, and to compare patients with imported versus autochthonous infection.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>During the 9-year period between 2004 and 2012, 127 adult patients (49 females, 78 males) who tested positive by rapid point-of-care test for Leptospira-specific IgM (Leptocheck®) were identified through electronic hospital databases. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with 82 patients. A total of 114 (89.8%) of the 127 patients enrolled had acquired leptospirosis within Austria and 13 (10.2%) had potentially imported infections. Most autochthonous cases were diagnosed during the months of June and July, whereas fewest were diagnosed during the winter months. Exposure to rodents, recreational activities in woods or wet areas, gardening, cleaning of basements or huts were the most common risk exposures found in autochthonous infection. Serogroups Australis (n = 23), Sejroe (n = 22), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 11) were identified most frequently by MAT testing in autochthonous infections. Patients with imported leptospirosis were significantly younger, less likely to be icteric and had significantly lower liver transaminase levels (p = 0.004) than those with autochthonous infections.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Leptospirosis is endemic in South-East Austria. In contrast to reports from other countries we found a relatively high proportion of leptospirosis cases to be female (39% vs. ∼ 10%), likely the result of differing risk exposures for South-East Austria.
format	article
author	Martin Hoenigl Carina Wallner Franz Allerberger Friedrich Schmoll Katharina Seeber Jasmin Wagner Thomas Valentin Ines Zollner-Schwetz Holger Flick Robert Krause
author_facet	Martin Hoenigl Carina Wallner Franz Allerberger Friedrich Schmoll Katharina Seeber Jasmin Wagner Thomas Valentin Ines Zollner-Schwetz Holger Flick Robert Krause
author_sort	Martin Hoenigl
title	Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
title_short	Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
title_full	Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
title_fullStr	Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
title_full_unstemmed	Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.
title_sort	autochthonous leptospirosis in south-east austria, 2004-2012.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c531a41730c3425297929bc4517e95a2
work_keys_str_mv	AT martinhoenigl autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT carinawallner autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT franzallerberger autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT friedrichschmoll autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT katharinaseeber autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT jasminwagner autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT thomasvalentin autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT ineszollnerschwetz autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT holgerflick autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012 AT robertkrause autochthonousleptospirosisinsoutheastaustria20042012
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Autochthonous leptospirosis in South-East Austria, 2004-2012.

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