A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites

Abstract Trilobites, extinct arthropods that dominated the faunas of the Palaeozoic, since their appearance c 523 million years ago, were equipped with elaborate compound eyes. While most of them possessed apposition compound eyes (in trilobites called holochroal eyes), comparable to the compound ey...

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Autores principales:	B. Schoenemann, E. N. K. Clarkson, C. Bartels, W. Südkamp, G. E. Rössner, U. Ryck
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c54a964bdef04d7c9fae486e0bcfe27a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c54a964bdef04d7c9fae486e0bcfe27a2021-12-02T17:18:21ZA 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites10.1038/s41598-021-98740-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c54a964bdef04d7c9fae486e0bcfe27a2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98740-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Trilobites, extinct arthropods that dominated the faunas of the Palaeozoic, since their appearance c 523 million years ago, were equipped with elaborate compound eyes. While most of them possessed apposition compound eyes (in trilobites called holochroal eyes), comparable to the compound eyes of many diurnal crustaceans and insects living today, trilobites of the suborder Phacopina developed atypical large eyes with wide lenses and wide interspaces in between (schizochroal eyes). Here, we show that these compound eyes are highly sophisticated systems—hyper-compound eyes hiding an individual compound eye below each of the big lenses. Thus, each of the phacopid compound eyes comprises several tens, in cases even hundreds of small compound eye systems composing a single visual surface. We discuss their development, phylogenetic position of this hyper-compound eye, and its neuronal infrastructure. A hyper-compound eye in this form is unique in the animal realm.B. SchoenemannE. N. K. ClarksonC. BartelsW. SüdkampG. E. RössnerU. RyckNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q B. Schoenemann E. N. K. Clarkson C. Bartels W. Südkamp G. E. Rössner U. Ryck A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
description	Abstract Trilobites, extinct arthropods that dominated the faunas of the Palaeozoic, since their appearance c 523 million years ago, were equipped with elaborate compound eyes. While most of them possessed apposition compound eyes (in trilobites called holochroal eyes), comparable to the compound eyes of many diurnal crustaceans and insects living today, trilobites of the suborder Phacopina developed atypical large eyes with wide lenses and wide interspaces in between (schizochroal eyes). Here, we show that these compound eyes are highly sophisticated systems—hyper-compound eyes hiding an individual compound eye below each of the big lenses. Thus, each of the phacopid compound eyes comprises several tens, in cases even hundreds of small compound eye systems composing a single visual surface. We discuss their development, phylogenetic position of this hyper-compound eye, and its neuronal infrastructure. A hyper-compound eye in this form is unique in the animal realm.
format	article
author	B. Schoenemann E. N. K. Clarkson C. Bartels W. Südkamp G. E. Rössner U. Ryck
author_facet	B. Schoenemann E. N. K. Clarkson C. Bartels W. Südkamp G. E. Rössner U. Ryck
author_sort	B. Schoenemann
title	A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
title_short	A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
title_full	A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
title_fullStr	A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
title_full_unstemmed	A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites
title_sort	390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in devonian phacopid trilobites
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c54a964bdef04d7c9fae486e0bcfe27a
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A 390 million-year-old hyper-compound eye in Devonian phacopid trilobites

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