Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds

Abstract Background Smilax canellifolia Mill. is a native shrub used in commercial root tonics as an aphrodisiac, stimulant, and pain reliever. Traditional medicine incorporates the rhizomes of S. canellifolia for the treatment of anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes in Jamaica and its diaspo...

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Autores principales:	Davia A. Peddie, Sophia J. Bryan, Sheena Francis, Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Smilax canellifolia Mill. Smilacaceae Hypoglycaemic activity Fatty acids Phytosterols GC-MS, Hexane crude extract, Sprague-Dawley rats Medicine R Homeopathy RX1-681
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c5b594d7a3794ba2af487c0280291bae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c5b594d7a3794ba2af487c0280291bae2021-11-21T12:27:02ZHypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds10.1186/s40816-021-00325-w2199-1197https://doaj.org/article/c5b594d7a3794ba2af487c0280291bae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-021-00325-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2199-1197Abstract Background Smilax canellifolia Mill. is a native shrub used in commercial root tonics as an aphrodisiac, stimulant, and pain reliever. Traditional medicine incorporates the rhizomes of S. canellifolia for the treatment of anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes in Jamaica and its diaspora. In particular, the use of this plant in the management of diabetes has yet to receive any scientific evaluation. In this study, the hexane crude extract of S. canellifolia rhizomes (SCH) was investigated to determine its hypoglycaemic activity in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and to identify the compounds contributing to this activity. Methods The hypoglycaemic compounds were isolated using bioactivity-guided purification which involved hypoglycaemic screening using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (via intravenous administration of SCH and its fractions). Purification was performed using column chromatography, and the bioactive fractions were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR; GC-MS; 1H NMR and 13C NMR). Results Administration of SCH at 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) to normal S-D rats produced a reduced glycaemic response, notably from the 90 to the 150-min intervals when compared with the control, dimethyl sulfoxide (p < 0.05). Purification of this extract yielded four main fractions, SCH1 – SCH4, of which SCH3 and SCH4 displayed significant hypoglycaemia. Further purification of both SCH3 and SCH4 led to the isolation of sub-fractions SCH3.6 and SCH4.2, respectively. Using spectroscopic techniques stigmasterol (1) and β-sitosterol (2) from SCH3.6; and the fatty acids palmitic acid (3), oleic acid (4), and stearic acid (5) from SCH4.2 were identified as the major compounds with significant hypoglycaemic activities comparable to that of glibenclamide. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the rhizomes of Smilax canellifolia contain several bioactive constituents that are responsible for its hypoglycaemic activity and may be beneficial in the management of hyperglycaemia and complications associated with diabetes.Davia A. PeddieSophia J. BryanSheena FrancisRuby L. Alexander-LindoSpringerOpenarticleSmilax canellifolia Mill.SmilacaceaeHypoglycaemic activityFatty acidsPhytosterolsGC-MS, Hexane crude extract, Sprague-Dawley ratsMedicineRHomeopathyRX1-681ENClinical Phytoscience, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Smilax canellifolia Mill. Smilacaceae Hypoglycaemic activity Fatty acids Phytosterols GC-MS, Hexane crude extract, Sprague-Dawley rats Medicine R Homeopathy RX1-681
spellingShingle	Smilax canellifolia Mill. Smilacaceae Hypoglycaemic activity Fatty acids Phytosterols GC-MS, Hexane crude extract, Sprague-Dawley rats Medicine R Homeopathy RX1-681 Davia A. Peddie Sophia J. Bryan Sheena Francis Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
description	Abstract Background Smilax canellifolia Mill. is a native shrub used in commercial root tonics as an aphrodisiac, stimulant, and pain reliever. Traditional medicine incorporates the rhizomes of S. canellifolia for the treatment of anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes in Jamaica and its diaspora. In particular, the use of this plant in the management of diabetes has yet to receive any scientific evaluation. In this study, the hexane crude extract of S. canellifolia rhizomes (SCH) was investigated to determine its hypoglycaemic activity in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and to identify the compounds contributing to this activity. Methods The hypoglycaemic compounds were isolated using bioactivity-guided purification which involved hypoglycaemic screening using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (via intravenous administration of SCH and its fractions). Purification was performed using column chromatography, and the bioactive fractions were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR; GC-MS; 1H NMR and 13C NMR). Results Administration of SCH at 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) to normal S-D rats produced a reduced glycaemic response, notably from the 90 to the 150-min intervals when compared with the control, dimethyl sulfoxide (p < 0.05). Purification of this extract yielded four main fractions, SCH1 – SCH4, of which SCH3 and SCH4 displayed significant hypoglycaemia. Further purification of both SCH3 and SCH4 led to the isolation of sub-fractions SCH3.6 and SCH4.2, respectively. Using spectroscopic techniques stigmasterol (1) and β-sitosterol (2) from SCH3.6; and the fatty acids palmitic acid (3), oleic acid (4), and stearic acid (5) from SCH4.2 were identified as the major compounds with significant hypoglycaemic activities comparable to that of glibenclamide. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the rhizomes of Smilax canellifolia contain several bioactive constituents that are responsible for its hypoglycaemic activity and may be beneficial in the management of hyperglycaemia and complications associated with diabetes.
format	article
author	Davia A. Peddie Sophia J. Bryan Sheena Francis Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo
author_facet	Davia A. Peddie Sophia J. Bryan Sheena Francis Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo
author_sort	Davia A. Peddie
title	Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
title_short	Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
title_full	Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
title_fullStr	Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
title_full_unstemmed	Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
title_sort	hypoglycaemic activity of smilax canellifolia mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c5b594d7a3794ba2af487c0280291bae
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Hypoglycaemic activity of Smilax canellifolia Mill. rhizomes: a bioassay-guided isolation and identification of synergistic compounds

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