Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes

Abstract Many studies show the sensitivity of our environment to manmade changes, especially the anthropogenic impact on atmospheric and hydrological processes. The effect on Solid Earth processes such as subsidence is less straightforward. Subsidence is usually slow and relates to the interplay of...

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Autores principales:	Sibylle Vey, D. Al-Halbouni, M. Haghshenas Haghighi, F. Alshawaf, J. Vüllers, A. Güntner, G. Dick, M. Ramatschi, P. Teatini, J. Wickert, M. Weber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c5d1092c42e546f2acb48d8c306fe0f2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c5d1092c42e546f2acb48d8c306fe0f22021-12-02T14:34:02ZDelayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes10.1038/s41598-021-91949-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c5d1092c42e546f2acb48d8c306fe0f22021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91949-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Many studies show the sensitivity of our environment to manmade changes, especially the anthropogenic impact on atmospheric and hydrological processes. The effect on Solid Earth processes such as subsidence is less straightforward. Subsidence is usually slow and relates to the interplay of complex hydro-mechanical processes, thus making relations to atmospheric changes difficult to observe. In the Dead Sea (DS) region, however, climatic forcing is strong and over-use of fresh water is massive. An observation period of 3 years was thus sufficient to link the high evaporation (97 cm/year) and the subsequent drop of the Dead Sea lake level (− 110 cm/year), with high subsidence rates of the Earth’s surface (− 15 cm/year). Applying innovative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques, we are able to resolve this subsidence of the “Solid Earth” even on a monthly basis and show that it behaves synchronous to atmospheric and hydrological changes with a time lag of two months. We show that the amplitude and fluctuation period of ground deformation is related to poro-elastic hydro-mechanical soil response to lake level changes. This provides, to our knowledge, a first direct link between shore subsidence, lake-level drop and evaporation.Sibylle VeyD. Al-HalbouniM. Haghshenas HaghighiF. AlshawafJ. VüllersA. GüntnerG. DickM. RamatschiP. TeatiniJ. WickertM. WeberNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sibylle Vey D. Al-Halbouni M. Haghshenas Haghighi F. Alshawaf J. Vüllers A. Güntner G. Dick M. Ramatschi P. Teatini J. Wickert M. Weber Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
description	Abstract Many studies show the sensitivity of our environment to manmade changes, especially the anthropogenic impact on atmospheric and hydrological processes. The effect on Solid Earth processes such as subsidence is less straightforward. Subsidence is usually slow and relates to the interplay of complex hydro-mechanical processes, thus making relations to atmospheric changes difficult to observe. In the Dead Sea (DS) region, however, climatic forcing is strong and over-use of fresh water is massive. An observation period of 3 years was thus sufficient to link the high evaporation (97 cm/year) and the subsequent drop of the Dead Sea lake level (− 110 cm/year), with high subsidence rates of the Earth’s surface (− 15 cm/year). Applying innovative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques, we are able to resolve this subsidence of the “Solid Earth” even on a monthly basis and show that it behaves synchronous to atmospheric and hydrological changes with a time lag of two months. We show that the amplitude and fluctuation period of ground deformation is related to poro-elastic hydro-mechanical soil response to lake level changes. This provides, to our knowledge, a first direct link between shore subsidence, lake-level drop and evaporation.
format	article
author	Sibylle Vey D. Al-Halbouni M. Haghshenas Haghighi F. Alshawaf J. Vüllers A. Güntner G. Dick M. Ramatschi P. Teatini J. Wickert M. Weber
author_facet	Sibylle Vey D. Al-Halbouni M. Haghshenas Haghighi F. Alshawaf J. Vüllers A. Güntner G. Dick M. Ramatschi P. Teatini J. Wickert M. Weber
author_sort	Sibylle Vey
title	Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
title_short	Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
title_full	Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
title_fullStr	Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
title_full_unstemmed	Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
title_sort	delayed subsidence of the dead sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c5d1092c42e546f2acb48d8c306fe0f2
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Delayed subsidence of the Dead Sea shore due to hydro-meteorological changes

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