Dust Criteria Derived from Long-Term Filter and Online Observations at Gosan in South Korea
Dust and pollution are frequently mixed together in East Asia, causing large uncertainties in assessing climate change and environmental influence and in relevant policymaking. To discern the dust effect on particle mass, we carried out long-term measurements of the mass and key chemical composition...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/c5d7c6e5aefe413db89daf49ef5dc0bd |
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| Sumario: | Dust and pollution are frequently mixed together in East Asia, causing large uncertainties in assessing climate change and environmental influence and in relevant policymaking. To discern the dust effect on particle mass, we carried out long-term measurements of the mass and key chemical compositions of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>1</sub> from August 2007 to February 2012 and collected hourly data of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations from January 2012 to October 2020 at Gosan, South Korea. The principal component analysis of measured species reveals two dominant factors, pollution and dust, accounting for 46% and 16% of the total variance, respectively. The mode distribution of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>1</sub> mass in addition to the dust events helps to provide a robust criterion of the dust impact. Dust can be identified by the mean + standard deviation (σ) of PM<sub>10</sub>, while the threshold is down to the mean concentration when dust particles experience precipitation. High PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration also presents dust impact; however, the criterion decreases from mean + σ in 2007–2012 to mean in 2012–2020. It indicates that dust is no longer a high-concentration event of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but its influence gradually appears in low-concentration particles. Therefore, the dust criterion obtained from long-term PM<sub>10</sub> concentration data is robust; however, the standard is based on PM<sub>2.5</sub> changes over time and still needs to be determined by follow-up long-term observations. |
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