Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water

Due to the continuous rise in conventional plastic production and the deficient management of plastic waste, industry is developing alternative plastic products made of biodegradable or biobased polymers. The challenge nowadays is to create a new product that combines the advantages of conventional...

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Autores principales:	Olalla Alonso-López, Sara López-Ibáñez, Ricardo Beiras
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	poly(vinyl alcohol) glycerol microplastics biodegradation toxicity marine water Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c5db68436e2a418fa878f1226dbfe770
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c5db68436e2a418fa878f1226dbfe7702021-11-11T18:45:52ZAssessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water10.3390/polym132137422073-4360https://doaj.org/article/c5db68436e2a418fa878f1226dbfe7702021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3742https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Due to the continuous rise in conventional plastic production and the deficient management of plastic waste, industry is developing alternative plastic products made of biodegradable or biobased polymers. The challenge nowadays is to create a new product that combines the advantages of conventional plastics with environmentally friendly properties. This study focuses on the assessment of the potential impact that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymers may have once they are released into the marine environment, in terms of biodegradation in seawater (assessed by the percentage of the Theoretical Oxygen Demand, or % ThOD, of each compound) and aquatic toxicity, according to the standard toxicity test using <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> larvae. We have tested three different materials: two glycerol-containing PVA based ones, and another made from pure PVA. Biodegradation of PVA under marine conditions without an acclimated inoculum seems to be negligible, and it slightly improves when the polymer is combined with glycerol, with a 5.3 and 8.4% ThOD achieved after a period of 28 days. Toxicity of pure PVA was also negligible (<1 toxic units, TU), but slightly increases when the material included glycerol (2.2 and 2.3 TU). These results may contribute to a better assessment of the behavior of PVA-based polymers in marine environments. Given the low biodegradation rates obtained for the tested compounds, PVA polymers still require further study in order to develop materials that are truly degradable in real marine scenarios.Olalla Alonso-LópezSara López-IbáñezRicardo BeirasMDPI AGarticlepoly(vinyl alcohol)glycerolmicroplasticsbiodegradationtoxicitymarine waterOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3742, p 3742 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	poly(vinyl alcohol) glycerol microplastics biodegradation toxicity marine water Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	poly(vinyl alcohol) glycerol microplastics biodegradation toxicity marine water Organic chemistry QD241-441 Olalla Alonso-López Sara López-Ibáñez Ricardo Beiras Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
description	Due to the continuous rise in conventional plastic production and the deficient management of plastic waste, industry is developing alternative plastic products made of biodegradable or biobased polymers. The challenge nowadays is to create a new product that combines the advantages of conventional plastics with environmentally friendly properties. This study focuses on the assessment of the potential impact that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymers may have once they are released into the marine environment, in terms of biodegradation in seawater (assessed by the percentage of the Theoretical Oxygen Demand, or % ThOD, of each compound) and aquatic toxicity, according to the standard toxicity test using <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> larvae. We have tested three different materials: two glycerol-containing PVA based ones, and another made from pure PVA. Biodegradation of PVA under marine conditions without an acclimated inoculum seems to be negligible, and it slightly improves when the polymer is combined with glycerol, with a 5.3 and 8.4% ThOD achieved after a period of 28 days. Toxicity of pure PVA was also negligible (<1 toxic units, TU), but slightly increases when the material included glycerol (2.2 and 2.3 TU). These results may contribute to a better assessment of the behavior of PVA-based polymers in marine environments. Given the low biodegradation rates obtained for the tested compounds, PVA polymers still require further study in order to develop materials that are truly degradable in real marine scenarios.
format	article
author	Olalla Alonso-López Sara López-Ibáñez Ricardo Beiras
author_facet	Olalla Alonso-López Sara López-Ibáñez Ricardo Beiras
author_sort	Olalla Alonso-López
title	Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
title_short	Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
title_full	Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
title_fullStr	Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water
title_sort	assessment of toxicity and biodegradability of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based materials in marine water
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c5db68436e2a418fa878f1226dbfe770
work_keys_str_mv	AT olallaalonsolopez assessmentoftoxicityandbiodegradabilityofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmaterialsinmarinewater AT saralopezibanez assessmentoftoxicityandbiodegradabilityofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmaterialsinmarinewater AT ricardobeiras assessmentoftoxicityandbiodegradabilityofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmaterialsinmarinewater
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Assessment of Toxicity and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Materials in Marine Water

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