Vector Competence of Eucampsipoda africana (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

This study aimed to determine the vector competence of bat-associated nycteribiid flies (Eucamsipoda africana) for Marburg virus (MARV) in the Egyptian Rousette Bat (ERB), Rousettus aegyptiacus. In flies fed on subcutaneously infected ERBs and tested from 3 to 4...

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Autores principales:	Janusz T. Pawęska, Petrus Jansen van Vuren, Nadia Storm, Wanda Markotter, Alan Kemp
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Marburg virus bat flies vector competence field infection rate transmission Egyptian rousette bat Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c5dc36ba303c4f9483c2b5cacb562337
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c5dc36ba303c4f9483c2b5cacb5623372021-11-25T19:13:30ZVector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)10.3390/v131122261999-4915https://doaj.org/article/c5dc36ba303c4f9483c2b5cacb5623372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2226https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915This study aimed to determine the vector competence of bat-associated nycteribiid flies (<i>Eucamsipoda africana</i>) for Marburg virus (MARV) in the Egyptian Rousette Bat (ERB), <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>. In flies fed on subcutaneously infected ERBs and tested from 3 to 43 days post infection (dpi), MARV was detected only in those that took blood during the peak of viremia, 5–7 dpi. Seroconversion did not occur in control bats in contact with MARV-infected bats infested with bat flies up to 43 days post exposure. In flies inoculated intra-coelomically with MARV and tested on days 0–29 post inoculation, only those assayed on day 0 and day 7 after inoculation were positive by q-RT-PCR, but the virus concentration was consistent with that of the inoculum. Bats remained MARV-seronegative up to 38 days after infestation and exposure to inoculated flies. The first filial generation pupae and flies collected at different times during the experiments were all negative by q-RT-PCR. Of 1693 nycteribiid flies collected from a wild ERB colony in Mahune Cave, South Africa where the enzootic transmission of MARV occurs, only one (0.06%) tested positive for the presence of MARV RNA. Our findings seem to demonstrate that bat flies do not play a significant role in the transmission and enzootic maintenance of MARV. However, ERBs eat nycteribiid flies; thus, the mechanical transmission of the virus through the exposure of damaged mucous membranes and/or skin to flies engorged with contaminated blood cannot be ruled out.Janusz T. PawęskaPetrus Jansen van VurenNadia StormWanda MarkotterAlan KempMDPI AGarticleMarburg virusbat fliesvector competencefield infection ratetransmissionEgyptian rousette batMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2226, p 2226 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Marburg virus bat flies vector competence field infection rate transmission Egyptian rousette bat Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Marburg virus bat flies vector competence field infection rate transmission Egyptian rousette bat Microbiology QR1-502 Janusz T. Pawęska Petrus Jansen van Vuren Nadia Storm Wanda Markotter Alan Kemp Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
description	This study aimed to determine the vector competence of bat-associated nycteribiid flies (<i>Eucamsipoda africana</i>) for Marburg virus (MARV) in the Egyptian Rousette Bat (ERB), <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>. In flies fed on subcutaneously infected ERBs and tested from 3 to 43 days post infection (dpi), MARV was detected only in those that took blood during the peak of viremia, 5–7 dpi. Seroconversion did not occur in control bats in contact with MARV-infected bats infested with bat flies up to 43 days post exposure. In flies inoculated intra-coelomically with MARV and tested on days 0–29 post inoculation, only those assayed on day 0 and day 7 after inoculation were positive by q-RT-PCR, but the virus concentration was consistent with that of the inoculum. Bats remained MARV-seronegative up to 38 days after infestation and exposure to inoculated flies. The first filial generation pupae and flies collected at different times during the experiments were all negative by q-RT-PCR. Of 1693 nycteribiid flies collected from a wild ERB colony in Mahune Cave, South Africa where the enzootic transmission of MARV occurs, only one (0.06%) tested positive for the presence of MARV RNA. Our findings seem to demonstrate that bat flies do not play a significant role in the transmission and enzootic maintenance of MARV. However, ERBs eat nycteribiid flies; thus, the mechanical transmission of the virus through the exposure of damaged mucous membranes and/or skin to flies engorged with contaminated blood cannot be ruled out.
format	article
author	Janusz T. Pawęska Petrus Jansen van Vuren Nadia Storm Wanda Markotter Alan Kemp
author_facet	Janusz T. Pawęska Petrus Jansen van Vuren Nadia Storm Wanda Markotter Alan Kemp
author_sort	Janusz T. Pawęska
title	Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
title_short	Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
title_full	Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
title_fullStr	Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
title_sort	vector competence of <i>eucampsipoda africana</i> (diptera: nycteribiidae) for marburg virus transmission in <i>rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (chiroptera: pteropodidae)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c5dc36ba303c4f9483c2b5cacb562337
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Vector Competence of <i>Eucampsipoda africana</i> (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

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