Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?

Recent research has identified three promising candidates for predicting extreme behavior: sacred values, moral convictions, and identity fusion. Each construct is thought to motivate extreme behavior in unique ways: Sacred values trigger extreme actions when people are asked to compromise cause-rel...

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Autores principales:	Francois Alexi Martel, Michael Buhrmester, Angel Gómez, Alexandra Vázquez, William B. Swann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	identity fusion sacred values moral convictions self-sacrifice extremism terrorism Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c612709e30de49168761ab0be88c82cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c612709e30de49168761ab0be88c82cc2021-11-15T04:25:53ZWhy True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.779120https://doaj.org/article/c612709e30de49168761ab0be88c82cc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.779120/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Recent research has identified three promising candidates for predicting extreme behavior: sacred values, moral convictions, and identity fusion. Each construct is thought to motivate extreme behavior in unique ways: Sacred values trigger extreme actions when people are asked to compromise cause-related values for personal gain; moral convictions trigger extreme actions when a cause is aligned with one’s moral compass; and identity fusion triggers extreme actions when a cause is inextricably associated (“fused”) with the personal self. In six studies, we asked which of the three constructs (either alone or in combination) was most predictive of sacrifice for a cause. We measured all three constructs with respect to either of two causes: gun rights (Studies 1–3) or abortion rights (4–6). The outcome measure was endorsement of fighting and dying for the cause. Although all three constructs were significant predictors of the outcome measure when considered separately, identity fusion consistently emerged as the strongest predictor of endorsement of self-sacrifice when all three were considered simultaneously. This pattern occurred regardless of the target cause (gun or abortion rights), the participant’s position on the cause (i.e., pro-gun or anti-gun, pro-choice, or pro-life), or nationality (American vs. Spanish). Also, there was no evidence that the predictors interacted to predict the outcome measure. Finally, a manipulation that threatened the validity of the personal self strengthened the relationship between endorsement of self-sacrifice and both (a) identity fusion and (b) moral convictions. The latter finding suggests that threats to the validity of one’s self-views may amplify the extreme behaviors of true believers.Francois Alexi MartelMichael BuhrmesterAngel GómezAngel GómezAlexandra VázquezAlexandra VázquezWilliam B. SwannFrontiers Media S.A.articleidentity fusionsacred valuesmoral convictionsself-sacrificeextremismterrorismPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	identity fusion sacred values moral convictions self-sacrifice extremism terrorism Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	identity fusion sacred values moral convictions self-sacrifice extremism terrorism Psychology BF1-990 Francois Alexi Martel Michael Buhrmester Angel Gómez Angel Gómez Alexandra Vázquez Alexandra Vázquez William B. Swann Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
description	Recent research has identified three promising candidates for predicting extreme behavior: sacred values, moral convictions, and identity fusion. Each construct is thought to motivate extreme behavior in unique ways: Sacred values trigger extreme actions when people are asked to compromise cause-related values for personal gain; moral convictions trigger extreme actions when a cause is aligned with one’s moral compass; and identity fusion triggers extreme actions when a cause is inextricably associated (“fused”) with the personal self. In six studies, we asked which of the three constructs (either alone or in combination) was most predictive of sacrifice for a cause. We measured all three constructs with respect to either of two causes: gun rights (Studies 1–3) or abortion rights (4–6). The outcome measure was endorsement of fighting and dying for the cause. Although all three constructs were significant predictors of the outcome measure when considered separately, identity fusion consistently emerged as the strongest predictor of endorsement of self-sacrifice when all three were considered simultaneously. This pattern occurred regardless of the target cause (gun or abortion rights), the participant’s position on the cause (i.e., pro-gun or anti-gun, pro-choice, or pro-life), or nationality (American vs. Spanish). Also, there was no evidence that the predictors interacted to predict the outcome measure. Finally, a manipulation that threatened the validity of the personal self strengthened the relationship between endorsement of self-sacrifice and both (a) identity fusion and (b) moral convictions. The latter finding suggests that threats to the validity of one’s self-views may amplify the extreme behaviors of true believers.
format	article
author	Francois Alexi Martel Michael Buhrmester Angel Gómez Angel Gómez Alexandra Vázquez Alexandra Vázquez William B. Swann
author_facet	Francois Alexi Martel Michael Buhrmester Angel Gómez Angel Gómez Alexandra Vázquez Alexandra Vázquez William B. Swann
author_sort	Francois Alexi Martel
title	Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
title_short	Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
title_full	Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
title_fullStr	Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
title_full_unstemmed	Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?
title_sort	why true believers make the ultimate sacrifice: sacred values, moral convictions, or identity fusion?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c612709e30de49168761ab0be88c82cc
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Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?

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