Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement

Abstract Cheetahs use a galloping gait in their fastest speed range. It has been reported that cheetahs achieve high-speed galloping by performing two types of flight through spine movement (gathered and extended). However, the dynamic factors that enable cheetahs to incorporate two types of flight...

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Autores principales:	Tomoya Kamimura, Shinya Aoi, Yasuo Higurashi, Naomi Wada, Kazuo Tsuchiya, Fumitoshi Matsuno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c613d8ab82c340fba287223c89d12b43
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c613d8ab82c340fba287223c89d12b432021-12-02T14:29:09ZDynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement10.1038/s41598-021-88879-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c613d8ab82c340fba287223c89d12b432021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88879-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cheetahs use a galloping gait in their fastest speed range. It has been reported that cheetahs achieve high-speed galloping by performing two types of flight through spine movement (gathered and extended). However, the dynamic factors that enable cheetahs to incorporate two types of flight while galloping remain unclear. To elucidate this issue from a dynamical viewpoint, we developed a simple analytical model. We derived possible periodic solutions with two different flight types (like cheetah galloping), and others with only one flight type (unlike cheetah galloping). The periodic solutions provided two criteria to determine the flight type, related to the position and magnitude of ground reaction forces entering the body. The periodic solutions and criteria were verified using measured cheetah data, and provided a dynamical mechanism by which galloping with two flight types enhances speed. These findings extend current understanding of the dynamical mechanisms underlying high-speed locomotion in cheetahs.Tomoya KamimuraShinya AoiYasuo HigurashiNaomi WadaKazuo TsuchiyaFumitoshi MatsunoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tomoya Kamimura Shinya Aoi Yasuo Higurashi Naomi Wada Kazuo Tsuchiya Fumitoshi Matsuno Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
description	Abstract Cheetahs use a galloping gait in their fastest speed range. It has been reported that cheetahs achieve high-speed galloping by performing two types of flight through spine movement (gathered and extended). However, the dynamic factors that enable cheetahs to incorporate two types of flight while galloping remain unclear. To elucidate this issue from a dynamical viewpoint, we developed a simple analytical model. We derived possible periodic solutions with two different flight types (like cheetah galloping), and others with only one flight type (unlike cheetah galloping). The periodic solutions provided two criteria to determine the flight type, related to the position and magnitude of ground reaction forces entering the body. The periodic solutions and criteria were verified using measured cheetah data, and provided a dynamical mechanism by which galloping with two flight types enhances speed. These findings extend current understanding of the dynamical mechanisms underlying high-speed locomotion in cheetahs.
format	article
author	Tomoya Kamimura Shinya Aoi Yasuo Higurashi Naomi Wada Kazuo Tsuchiya Fumitoshi Matsuno
author_facet	Tomoya Kamimura Shinya Aoi Yasuo Higurashi Naomi Wada Kazuo Tsuchiya Fumitoshi Matsuno
author_sort	Tomoya Kamimura
title	Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
title_short	Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
title_full	Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
title_fullStr	Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
title_sort	dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c613d8ab82c340fba287223c89d12b43
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Dynamical determinants enabling two different types of flight in cheetah gallop to enhance speed through spine movement

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