Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth

Abstract Currently, the primary techniques applied for the assessment of facial changes over time utilize 2D images. However, this approach has important limitations related to the dimensional reduction and the accuracy of the used data. 3D facial photography has been recently introduced as a risk-f...

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Autores principales:	Simeon T. Häner, Georgios Kanavakis, François Matthey, Nikolaos Gkantidis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c616fbf67cee4004a9a501037d5514ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c616fbf67cee4004a9a501037d5514ee2021-12-02T16:28:50ZValid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth10.1038/s41598-021-95942-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c616fbf67cee4004a9a501037d5514ee2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95942-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Currently, the primary techniques applied for the assessment of facial changes over time utilize 2D images. However, this approach has important limitations related to the dimensional reduction and the accuracy of the used data. 3D facial photography has been recently introduced as a risk-free alternative that overcomes these limitations. However, the proper reference areas that should be used to superimpose serial 3D facial images of growing individuals are not yet known. Here, we tested various 3D facial photo superimposition reference areas and compared their outcomes to those of a standard anterior cranial base superimposition technique. We found that a small rectangular area on the forehead plus an area including the middle part of the nose and the lower wall of the orbital foramen provided comparable results to the standard technique and showed adequate reproducibility. Other reference areas that have been used so far in the literature were less reliable. Within the limitations of the study, a valid superimposition reference area for serial 3D facial images of growing individuals is suggested. The method has potential to greatly expand the possibilities of this highly informative, risk free, and easily obtained 3D tool for the assessment of facial changes in growing individuals.Simeon T. HänerGeorgios KanavakisFrançois MattheyNikolaos GkantidisNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Simeon T. Häner Georgios Kanavakis François Matthey Nikolaos Gkantidis Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
description	Abstract Currently, the primary techniques applied for the assessment of facial changes over time utilize 2D images. However, this approach has important limitations related to the dimensional reduction and the accuracy of the used data. 3D facial photography has been recently introduced as a risk-free alternative that overcomes these limitations. However, the proper reference areas that should be used to superimpose serial 3D facial images of growing individuals are not yet known. Here, we tested various 3D facial photo superimposition reference areas and compared their outcomes to those of a standard anterior cranial base superimposition technique. We found that a small rectangular area on the forehead plus an area including the middle part of the nose and the lower wall of the orbital foramen provided comparable results to the standard technique and showed adequate reproducibility. Other reference areas that have been used so far in the literature were less reliable. Within the limitations of the study, a valid superimposition reference area for serial 3D facial images of growing individuals is suggested. The method has potential to greatly expand the possibilities of this highly informative, risk free, and easily obtained 3D tool for the assessment of facial changes in growing individuals.
format	article
author	Simeon T. Häner Georgios Kanavakis François Matthey Nikolaos Gkantidis
author_facet	Simeon T. Häner Georgios Kanavakis François Matthey Nikolaos Gkantidis
author_sort	Simeon T. Häner
title	Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
title_short	Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
title_full	Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
title_fullStr	Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
title_full_unstemmed	Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
title_sort	valid 3d surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c616fbf67cee4004a9a501037d5514ee
work_keys_str_mv	AT simeonthaner valid3dsurfacesuperimpositionreferencestoassessfacialchangesduringgrowth AT georgioskanavakis valid3dsurfacesuperimpositionreferencestoassessfacialchangesduringgrowth AT francoismatthey valid3dsurfacesuperimpositionreferencestoassessfacialchangesduringgrowth AT nikolaosgkantidis valid3dsurfacesuperimpositionreferencestoassessfacialchangesduringgrowth
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Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth

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