History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region

Gold mining in Ecuador has been present in the country since Inca times; over the years interest in the mineral has increased, leading to the creation of legislation to control the mining sector in a safe manner. The Litoral region consists of seven provinces, six of which have registered gold conce...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Selene Paz-Mena, Carlos López-Paredes, Mirian Jimenez-Gutierrez, Greys Herrera-Morales, Giovanni D’Orio, Salvatore Straface
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mercury gold socioeconomic impacts political management environmental management Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c61ace730c894e5494e20460221212b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c61ace730c894e5494e20460221212b62021-11-25T18:09:47ZHistory, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region10.3390/land101112202073-445Xhttps://doaj.org/article/c61ace730c894e5494e20460221212b62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1220https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445XGold mining in Ecuador has been present in the country since Inca times; over the years interest in the mineral has increased, leading to the creation of legislation to control the mining sector in a safe manner. The Litoral region consists of seven provinces, six of which have registered gold concessions; the most affected provinces are El Oro and Esmeraldas. The objective of this study was to analyze the historical and current situation of artisanal and industrial gold mining in the Litoral region of Ecuador. Different methodologies were used for the elaboration of this study, including bibliographic review, grey literature, field interviews and a validation of expert judgment. The main results indicate that El Oro and Esmeraldas are essentially the most conflictive areas in the region, as they have sometimes had to establish precautionary measures due to the risks caused by illegal mining. In addition, in both areas there is a great socioeconomic impact ranging from lack of opportunities, forgetfulness, migration, emigration, and violation of rights, among others. With respect to environmental impacts, the study highlights the contamination of water sources (which leads to a lack of drinking water for people), and damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, the study concludes that the authorities should control the mining sector more by implementing more laws and carrying out inspections to put an end to illegal gold mining, in order to improve the situation in the areas.Carlos Mestanza-RamónSelene Paz-MenaCarlos López-ParedesMirian Jimenez-GutierrezGreys Herrera-MoralesGiovanni D’OrioSalvatore StrafaceMDPI AGarticlemercurygoldsocioeconomic impactspolitical managementenvironmental managementAgricultureSENLand, Vol 10, Iss 1220, p 1220 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mercury gold socioeconomic impacts political management environmental management Agriculture S
spellingShingle	mercury gold socioeconomic impacts political management environmental management Agriculture S Carlos Mestanza-Ramón Selene Paz-Mena Carlos López-Paredes Mirian Jimenez-Gutierrez Greys Herrera-Morales Giovanni D’Orio Salvatore Straface History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
description	Gold mining in Ecuador has been present in the country since Inca times; over the years interest in the mineral has increased, leading to the creation of legislation to control the mining sector in a safe manner. The Litoral region consists of seven provinces, six of which have registered gold concessions; the most affected provinces are El Oro and Esmeraldas. The objective of this study was to analyze the historical and current situation of artisanal and industrial gold mining in the Litoral region of Ecuador. Different methodologies were used for the elaboration of this study, including bibliographic review, grey literature, field interviews and a validation of expert judgment. The main results indicate that El Oro and Esmeraldas are essentially the most conflictive areas in the region, as they have sometimes had to establish precautionary measures due to the risks caused by illegal mining. In addition, in both areas there is a great socioeconomic impact ranging from lack of opportunities, forgetfulness, migration, emigration, and violation of rights, among others. With respect to environmental impacts, the study highlights the contamination of water sources (which leads to a lack of drinking water for people), and damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, the study concludes that the authorities should control the mining sector more by implementing more laws and carrying out inspections to put an end to illegal gold mining, in order to improve the situation in the areas.
format	article
author	Carlos Mestanza-Ramón Selene Paz-Mena Carlos López-Paredes Mirian Jimenez-Gutierrez Greys Herrera-Morales Giovanni D’Orio Salvatore Straface
author_facet	Carlos Mestanza-Ramón Selene Paz-Mena Carlos López-Paredes Mirian Jimenez-Gutierrez Greys Herrera-Morales Giovanni D’Orio Salvatore Straface
author_sort	Carlos Mestanza-Ramón
title	History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
title_short	History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
title_full	History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
title_fullStr	History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
title_full_unstemmed	History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region
title_sort	history, current situation and challenges of gold mining in ecuador’s litoral region
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c61ace730c894e5494e20460221212b6
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History, Current Situation and Challenges of Gold Mining in Ecuador’s Litoral Region

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