Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development

Glyphosate is widely used worldwide as a potent herbicide. Due to its ubiquitous use, it is detectable in air, water and foodstuffs and can accumulate in human biological fluids and tissues representing a severe human health risk. In plants, glyphosate acts as an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway,...

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Autores principales:	Marianna Marino, Elena Mele, Andrea Viggiano, Stefania Lucia Nori, Rosaria Meccariello, Antonietta Santoro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glyphosate toxicity inflammation cancer reproduction and development Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c672b07602de458db299f6b03745d95d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c672b07602de458db299f6b03745d95d2021-11-25T17:58:14ZPleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development10.3390/ijms2222126061422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/c672b07602de458db299f6b03745d95d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12606https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Glyphosate is widely used worldwide as a potent herbicide. Due to its ubiquitous use, it is detectable in air, water and foodstuffs and can accumulate in human biological fluids and tissues representing a severe human health risk. In plants, glyphosate acts as an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, which is absent in vertebrates. Due to this, international scientific authorities have long-considered glyphosate as a compound that has no or weak toxicity in humans. However, increasing evidence has highlighted the toxicity of glyphosate and its formulations in animals and human cells and tissues. Thus, despite the extension of the authorization of the use of glyphosate in Europe until 2022, several countries have begun to take precautionary measures to reduce its diffusion. Glyphosate has been detected in urine, blood and maternal milk and has been found to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro and in animal models directly or indirectly through its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). This review aims to summarize the more relevant findings on the biological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of glyphosate, with a particular focus on glyphosate's potential to induce inflammation, DNA damage and alterations in gene expression profiles as well as adverse effects on reproduction and development.Marianna MarinoElena MeleAndrea ViggianoStefania Lucia NoriRosaria MeccarielloAntonietta SantoroMDPI AGarticleglyphosate toxicityinflammationcancerreproduction and developmentBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12606, p 12606 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glyphosate toxicity inflammation cancer reproduction and development Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	glyphosate toxicity inflammation cancer reproduction and development Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Marianna Marino Elena Mele Andrea Viggiano Stefania Lucia Nori Rosaria Meccariello Antonietta Santoro Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
description	Glyphosate is widely used worldwide as a potent herbicide. Due to its ubiquitous use, it is detectable in air, water and foodstuffs and can accumulate in human biological fluids and tissues representing a severe human health risk. In plants, glyphosate acts as an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, which is absent in vertebrates. Due to this, international scientific authorities have long-considered glyphosate as a compound that has no or weak toxicity in humans. However, increasing evidence has highlighted the toxicity of glyphosate and its formulations in animals and human cells and tissues. Thus, despite the extension of the authorization of the use of glyphosate in Europe until 2022, several countries have begun to take precautionary measures to reduce its diffusion. Glyphosate has been detected in urine, blood and maternal milk and has been found to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro and in animal models directly or indirectly through its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). This review aims to summarize the more relevant findings on the biological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of glyphosate, with a particular focus on glyphosate's potential to induce inflammation, DNA damage and alterations in gene expression profiles as well as adverse effects on reproduction and development.
format	article
author	Marianna Marino Elena Mele Andrea Viggiano Stefania Lucia Nori Rosaria Meccariello Antonietta Santoro
author_facet	Marianna Marino Elena Mele Andrea Viggiano Stefania Lucia Nori Rosaria Meccariello Antonietta Santoro
author_sort	Marianna Marino
title	Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
title_short	Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
title_full	Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
title_fullStr	Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
title_full_unstemmed	Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development
title_sort	pleiotropic outcomes of glyphosate exposure: from organ damage to effects on inflammation, cancer, reproduction and development
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c672b07602de458db299f6b03745d95d
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariannamarino pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment AT elenamele pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment AT andreaviggiano pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment AT stefanialucianori pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment AT rosariameccariello pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment AT antoniettasantoro pleiotropicoutcomesofglyphosateexposurefromorgandamagetoeffectsoninflammationcancerreproductionanddevelopment
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Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development

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