Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean

The arrival of Spaniards in the Caribbean islands introduced to the region the practice of applying pigments onto buildings. The pigments that remain on these buildings may provide data on their historical evolution and essential information for tackling restoration tasks. In this study, a 17th-cent...

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Autores principales:	Virginia Flores-Sasso, Gloria Pérez, Letzai Ruiz-Valero, Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez, Ana Guerrero, Esteban Prieto-Vicioso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Caribbean Cathedral of Santo Domingo 17th century UV–VIS–NIR Raman spectroscopy XRD Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6b08e63f842478e932ca1ec7c1704f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6b08e63f842478e932ca1ec7c1704f92021-11-25T18:14:15ZPhysical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean10.3390/ma142268661996-1944https://doaj.org/article/c6b08e63f842478e932ca1ec7c1704f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6866https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The arrival of Spaniards in the Caribbean islands introduced to the region the practice of applying pigments onto buildings. The pigments that remain on these buildings may provide data on their historical evolution and essential information for tackling restoration tasks. In this study, a 17th-century mural painting located in the Cathedral of Santo Domingo on the Hispaniola island of the Caribbean is characterised via UV–VIS–NIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM/EDX. The pigments are found in the older Chapel of Our Lady of Candelaria, currently Chapel of Our Lady of Mercy. The chapel was built in the 17th century by black slave brotherhood and extended by Spaniards. During a recent restoration process of the chapel, remains of mural painting appeared, which were covered by several layers of lime. Five colours were identified: ochre, green, red, blue and white. Moreover, it was determined that this mural painting was made before the end of the 18th century, because many of the materials used were no longer used after the industrialisation of painting. However, since both rutile and anatase appear as a white pigment, a restoration may have been carried out in the 20th century, and it has been painted white.Virginia Flores-SassoGloria PérezLetzai Ruiz-ValeroSagrario Martínez-RamírezAna GuerreroEsteban Prieto-ViciosoMDPI AGarticleCaribbeanCathedral of Santo Domingo17th centuryUV–VIS–NIRRaman spectroscopyXRDTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6866, p 6866 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Caribbean Cathedral of Santo Domingo 17th century UV–VIS–NIR Raman spectroscopy XRD Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	Caribbean Cathedral of Santo Domingo 17th century UV–VIS–NIR Raman spectroscopy XRD Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Virginia Flores-Sasso Gloria Pérez Letzai Ruiz-Valero Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Ana Guerrero Esteban Prieto-Vicioso Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
description	The arrival of Spaniards in the Caribbean islands introduced to the region the practice of applying pigments onto buildings. The pigments that remain on these buildings may provide data on their historical evolution and essential information for tackling restoration tasks. In this study, a 17th-century mural painting located in the Cathedral of Santo Domingo on the Hispaniola island of the Caribbean is characterised via UV–VIS–NIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM/EDX. The pigments are found in the older Chapel of Our Lady of Candelaria, currently Chapel of Our Lady of Mercy. The chapel was built in the 17th century by black slave brotherhood and extended by Spaniards. During a recent restoration process of the chapel, remains of mural painting appeared, which were covered by several layers of lime. Five colours were identified: ochre, green, red, blue and white. Moreover, it was determined that this mural painting was made before the end of the 18th century, because many of the materials used were no longer used after the industrialisation of painting. However, since both rutile and anatase appear as a white pigment, a restoration may have been carried out in the 20th century, and it has been painted white.
format	article
author	Virginia Flores-Sasso Gloria Pérez Letzai Ruiz-Valero Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Ana Guerrero Esteban Prieto-Vicioso
author_facet	Virginia Flores-Sasso Gloria Pérez Letzai Ruiz-Valero Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Ana Guerrero Esteban Prieto-Vicioso
author_sort	Virginia Flores-Sasso
title	Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
title_short	Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
title_full	Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
title_fullStr	Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
title_full_unstemmed	Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean
title_sort	physical and chemical characterisation of the pigments of a 17th-century mural painting in the spanish caribbean
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6b08e63f842478e932ca1ec7c1704f9
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Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean

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