Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics

ABSTRACT We calculated the incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates for Caucasians and non-Caucasians during 19th century yellow fever (YF) epidemics in the United States and determined statistical significance for differences in the rates in different populations. We evaluated nongenetic host...

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Autores principales:	Lauren E. Blake, Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6b71dca5b4648bbaa799778466d4822
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6b71dca5b4648bbaa799778466d48222021-11-15T15:47:38ZHuman Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics10.1128/mBio.01253-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/c6b71dca5b4648bbaa799778466d48222014-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01253-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT We calculated the incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates for Caucasians and non-Caucasians during 19th century yellow fever (YF) epidemics in the United States and determined statistical significance for differences in the rates in different populations. We evaluated nongenetic host factors, including socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, demographic, and acquired immunity status that could have influenced these differences. While differences in incidence rates were not significant between Caucasians and non-Caucasians, differences in mortality and case fatality rates were statistically significant for all epidemics tested (P < 0.01). Caucasians diagnosed with YF were 6.8 times more likely to succumb than non-Caucasians with the disease. No other major causes of death during the 19th century demonstrated a similar mortality skew toward Caucasians. Nongenetic host factors were examined and could not explain these large differences. We propose that the remarkably lower case mortality rates for individuals of non-Caucasian ancestry is the result of human genetic variation in loci encoding innate immune mediators. IMPORTANCE Different degrees of severity of yellow fever have been observed across diverse populations, but this study is the first to demonstrate a statistically significant association between ancestry and the outcome of yellow fever (YF). With the global burden of mosquito-borne flaviviral infections, such as YF and dengue, on the rise, identifying and characterizing host factors could prove pivotal in the prevention of epidemics and the development of effective treatments.Lauren E. BlakeMariano A. Garcia-BlancoAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Lauren E. Blake Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
description	ABSTRACT We calculated the incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates for Caucasians and non-Caucasians during 19th century yellow fever (YF) epidemics in the United States and determined statistical significance for differences in the rates in different populations. We evaluated nongenetic host factors, including socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, demographic, and acquired immunity status that could have influenced these differences. While differences in incidence rates were not significant between Caucasians and non-Caucasians, differences in mortality and case fatality rates were statistically significant for all epidemics tested (P < 0.01). Caucasians diagnosed with YF were 6.8 times more likely to succumb than non-Caucasians with the disease. No other major causes of death during the 19th century demonstrated a similar mortality skew toward Caucasians. Nongenetic host factors were examined and could not explain these large differences. We propose that the remarkably lower case mortality rates for individuals of non-Caucasian ancestry is the result of human genetic variation in loci encoding innate immune mediators. IMPORTANCE Different degrees of severity of yellow fever have been observed across diverse populations, but this study is the first to demonstrate a statistically significant association between ancestry and the outcome of yellow fever (YF). With the global burden of mosquito-borne flaviviral infections, such as YF and dengue, on the rise, identifying and characterizing host factors could prove pivotal in the prevention of epidemics and the development of effective treatments.
format	article
author	Lauren E. Blake Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
author_facet	Lauren E. Blake Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
author_sort	Lauren E. Blake
title	Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
title_short	Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
title_full	Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
title_fullStr	Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
title_full_unstemmed	Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics
title_sort	human genetic variation and yellow fever mortality during 19th century u.s. epidemics
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6b71dca5b4648bbaa799778466d4822
work_keys_str_mv	AT laureneblake humangeneticvariationandyellowfevermortalityduring19thcenturyusepidemics AT marianoagarciablanco humangeneticvariationandyellowfevermortalityduring19thcenturyusepidemics
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Human Genetic Variation and Yellow Fever Mortality during 19th Century U.S. Epidemics

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