The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study

Background: In schizophrenia, impaired psychomotor speed is a common symptom predicting worse functional outcome. Inflammation causes changes in white matter integrity, which may lead to reduced psychomotor speed. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if peripheral inflammation assessed with cytokines...

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Autores principales:	Jeanette Brun Larsen, Solveig Klæbo Reitan, Else-Marie Løberg, Maria Rettenbacher, Øystein Bruserud, Tor Ketil Larsen, Liss Anda, Christoffer Bartz-Johannessen, Erik Johnsen, Rune A. Kroken
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Cytokines Immune markers Inflammation Schizophrenia Psychomotor performance Psychomotor speed Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6c5e3082009452f9fa234d0ffc4bb04
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6c5e3082009452f9fa234d0ffc4bb042021-11-28T04:38:41ZThe association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study2666-354610.1016/j.bbih.2021.100392https://doaj.org/article/c6c5e3082009452f9fa234d0ffc4bb042021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354621001952https://doaj.org/toc/2666-3546Background: In schizophrenia, impaired psychomotor speed is a common symptom predicting worse functional outcome. Inflammation causes changes in white matter integrity, which may lead to reduced psychomotor speed. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if peripheral inflammation assessed with cytokines affected performance on psychomotor speed in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders. Methods: The current study is a prospective cohort study, including participants from a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial comparing three atypical antipsychotics in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders. For the purposes of this sub-study, we analysed drug treatment groups collectively. Psychomotor speed was assessed at baseline, and at weeks 6, 12, 26 and 52 of follow-up, using the neuropsychological tests trail making test (TMT) A and B, and symbol coding. Serum concentration of the following cytokines were measured: interleukin (IL)-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL12 p70, IL-17a, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39 and 52 weeks. We analysed the effect of cytokines levels on psychomotor speed over time in linear mixed effects models. Results: In our linear mixed effects models controlling for possible confounders, IFN-γ had a significant negative effect on TMT-A and symbol coding performance. None of the other tests for psychomotor speed were significantly associated with cytokines. Overall psychomotor speed performance increased significantly across the study period while cytokine levels remained stable. Conclusion: Our study indicates a negative association between IFN-γ and psychomotor speed, which might be of importance when understanding the mechanisms behind psychomotor deviations in psychotic disorders.Jeanette Brun LarsenSolveig Klæbo ReitanElse-Marie LøbergMaria RettenbacherØystein BruserudTor Ketil LarsenLiss AndaChristoffer Bartz-JohannessenErik JohnsenRune A. KrokenElsevierarticleCytokinesImmune markersInflammationSchizophreniaPsychomotor performancePsychomotor speedNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, Vol 18, Iss , Pp 100392- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cytokines Immune markers Inflammation Schizophrenia Psychomotor performance Psychomotor speed Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Cytokines Immune markers Inflammation Schizophrenia Psychomotor performance Psychomotor speed Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Jeanette Brun Larsen Solveig Klæbo Reitan Else-Marie Løberg Maria Rettenbacher Øystein Bruserud Tor Ketil Larsen Liss Anda Christoffer Bartz-Johannessen Erik Johnsen Rune A. Kroken The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
description	Background: In schizophrenia, impaired psychomotor speed is a common symptom predicting worse functional outcome. Inflammation causes changes in white matter integrity, which may lead to reduced psychomotor speed. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if peripheral inflammation assessed with cytokines affected performance on psychomotor speed in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders. Methods: The current study is a prospective cohort study, including participants from a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial comparing three atypical antipsychotics in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders. For the purposes of this sub-study, we analysed drug treatment groups collectively. Psychomotor speed was assessed at baseline, and at weeks 6, 12, 26 and 52 of follow-up, using the neuropsychological tests trail making test (TMT) A and B, and symbol coding. Serum concentration of the following cytokines were measured: interleukin (IL)-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL12 p70, IL-17a, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39 and 52 weeks. We analysed the effect of cytokines levels on psychomotor speed over time in linear mixed effects models. Results: In our linear mixed effects models controlling for possible confounders, IFN-γ had a significant negative effect on TMT-A and symbol coding performance. None of the other tests for psychomotor speed were significantly associated with cytokines. Overall psychomotor speed performance increased significantly across the study period while cytokine levels remained stable. Conclusion: Our study indicates a negative association between IFN-γ and psychomotor speed, which might be of importance when understanding the mechanisms behind psychomotor deviations in psychotic disorders.
format	article
author	Jeanette Brun Larsen Solveig Klæbo Reitan Else-Marie Løberg Maria Rettenbacher Øystein Bruserud Tor Ketil Larsen Liss Anda Christoffer Bartz-Johannessen Erik Johnsen Rune A. Kroken
author_facet	Jeanette Brun Larsen Solveig Klæbo Reitan Else-Marie Løberg Maria Rettenbacher Øystein Bruserud Tor Ketil Larsen Liss Anda Christoffer Bartz-Johannessen Erik Johnsen Rune A. Kroken
author_sort	Jeanette Brun Larsen
title	The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
title_short	The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
title_full	The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
title_fullStr	The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed	The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study
title_sort	association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: a longitudinal study
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6c5e3082009452f9fa234d0ffc4bb04
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The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study

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