Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?

The cosmopolitan phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi contrasts with its closest relatives that are restricted to narrower latitudinal bands, making it interesting for exploring how alternative outcomes in phytoplankton range distributions arise. Mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxley...

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Autores principales:	Peter von Dassow, Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías, Sarah Pinon, Esther Velasco-Senovilla, Simon Anguita-Salinas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Emiliania huxleyi Gephyrocapsa phytoplankton thermal reaction norms thermal performance curves haplogroup Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6ce0ef2ecc649a794295505b6ce47e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6ce0ef2ecc649a794295505b6ce47e22021-12-02T11:28:24ZDo Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.785763https://doaj.org/article/c6ce0ef2ecc649a794295505b6ce47e22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.785763/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745The cosmopolitan phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi contrasts with its closest relatives that are restricted to narrower latitudinal bands, making it interesting for exploring how alternative outcomes in phytoplankton range distributions arise. Mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi are shared with their closest relatives: Some E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with Gephyrocapsa parvula and G. ericsonii which inhabit lower latitudes, while other E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with G. muellerae, which inhabit high latitudes. We investigated whether the phylogeny of E. huxleyi organelles reflects environmental gradients, focusing on the Southeast Pacific where the different haplogroups and species co-occur. There was a high congruence between mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Haplogroup II of E. huxleyi is negatively associated with cooler less saline waters, compared to haplogroup I, both when analyzed globally and across temporal variability at the small special scale of a center of coastal upwelling at 30° S. A new mitochondrial haplogroup Ib detected in coastal Chile was associated with warmer waters. In an experiment focused on inter-species comparisons, laboratory-determined thermal reaction norms were consistent with latitudinal/thermal distributions of species, with G. oceanica exhibiting warm thermal optima and tolerance and G. muellerae exhibiting cooler thermal optima and tolerances. Emiliania huxleyi haplogroups I and II tended to exhibit a wider thermal niche compared to the other Gephyrocapsa, but no differences among haplogroups within E. huxleyi were found. A second experiment, controlling for local adaptation and time in culture, found a significant difference between E. huxleyi haplogroups. The difference between I and II was of the expected sign, but not the difference between I and Ib. The differences were small (≤1°C) compared to differences reported previously within E. huxleyi by local adaptation and even in-culture evolution. Haplogroup Ib showed a narrower thermal niche. The cosmopolitanism of E. huxleyi might result from both wide-spread generalist phenotypes and specialist phenotypes, as well as a capacity for local adaptation. Thermal reaction norm differences can well explain the species distributions but poorly explain distributions among mitochondrial haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Perhaps organelle haplogroup distributions reflect historical rather than selective processes.Peter von DassowPeter von DassowPaula Valentina Muñoz FaríasPaula Valentina Muñoz FaríasSarah PinonEsther Velasco-SenovillaEsther Velasco-SenovillaEsther Velasco-SenovillaSimon Anguita-SalinasSimon Anguita-SalinasFrontiers Media S.A.articleEmiliania huxleyiGephyrocapsaphytoplanktonthermal reaction normsthermal performance curveshaplogroupScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Emiliania huxleyi Gephyrocapsa phytoplankton thermal reaction norms thermal performance curves haplogroup Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	Emiliania huxleyi Gephyrocapsa phytoplankton thermal reaction norms thermal performance curves haplogroup Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Peter von Dassow Peter von Dassow Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Sarah Pinon Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Simon Anguita-Salinas Simon Anguita-Salinas Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
description	The cosmopolitan phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi contrasts with its closest relatives that are restricted to narrower latitudinal bands, making it interesting for exploring how alternative outcomes in phytoplankton range distributions arise. Mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi are shared with their closest relatives: Some E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with Gephyrocapsa parvula and G. ericsonii which inhabit lower latitudes, while other E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with G. muellerae, which inhabit high latitudes. We investigated whether the phylogeny of E. huxleyi organelles reflects environmental gradients, focusing on the Southeast Pacific where the different haplogroups and species co-occur. There was a high congruence between mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Haplogroup II of E. huxleyi is negatively associated with cooler less saline waters, compared to haplogroup I, both when analyzed globally and across temporal variability at the small special scale of a center of coastal upwelling at 30° S. A new mitochondrial haplogroup Ib detected in coastal Chile was associated with warmer waters. In an experiment focused on inter-species comparisons, laboratory-determined thermal reaction norms were consistent with latitudinal/thermal distributions of species, with G. oceanica exhibiting warm thermal optima and tolerance and G. muellerae exhibiting cooler thermal optima and tolerances. Emiliania huxleyi haplogroups I and II tended to exhibit a wider thermal niche compared to the other Gephyrocapsa, but no differences among haplogroups within E. huxleyi were found. A second experiment, controlling for local adaptation and time in culture, found a significant difference between E. huxleyi haplogroups. The difference between I and II was of the expected sign, but not the difference between I and Ib. The differences were small (≤1°C) compared to differences reported previously within E. huxleyi by local adaptation and even in-culture evolution. Haplogroup Ib showed a narrower thermal niche. The cosmopolitanism of E. huxleyi might result from both wide-spread generalist phenotypes and specialist phenotypes, as well as a capacity for local adaptation. Thermal reaction norm differences can well explain the species distributions but poorly explain distributions among mitochondrial haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Perhaps organelle haplogroup distributions reflect historical rather than selective processes.
format	article
author	Peter von Dassow Peter von Dassow Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Sarah Pinon Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Simon Anguita-Salinas Simon Anguita-Salinas
author_facet	Peter von Dassow Peter von Dassow Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías Sarah Pinon Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Esther Velasco-Senovilla Simon Anguita-Salinas Simon Anguita-Salinas
author_sort	Peter von Dassow
title	Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
title_short	Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
title_full	Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
title_fullStr	Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
title_full_unstemmed	Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?
title_sort	do differences in latitudinal distributions of species and organelle haplotypes reflect thermal reaction norms within the emiliania/gephyrocapsa complex?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6ce0ef2ecc649a794295505b6ce47e2
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Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?

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