On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress

Abstract Within the framework of the HiLumi-LHC project, CERN is currently manufacturing 11 T dipole and quadrupole accelerator magnets using state-of-the-art Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. Even higher magnetic fields are considered by the Hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) design study, which plans...

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Autores principales:	Gianluca De Marzi, Bernardo Bordini, Dario Baffari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6f493b9d8104d73b0994a4f1adfe607
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6f493b9d8104d73b0994a4f1adfe6072021-12-02T14:25:09ZOn the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress10.1038/s41598-021-86563-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c6f493b9d8104d73b0994a4f1adfe6072021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86563-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Within the framework of the HiLumi-LHC project, CERN is currently manufacturing 11 T dipole and quadrupole accelerator magnets using state-of-the-art Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. Even higher magnetic fields are considered by the Hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) design study, which plans to develop 16 T Nb3Sn bending dipoles. In such high-field magnets, the design pre-stress can reach considerable values (150–200 MPa) and, since Nb3Sn is a brittle compound, this can constitute a technological difficult challenge. Due to the significant impact that a transverse load can have on the performances of a Nb3Sn magnet, CERN has launched a campaign of critical current measurements of reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cables subjected to transverse pressure up to about 210 MPa. In this paper, results obtained on 18-strand 10-mm-wide cable sample based on a 1-mm-diameter powder-in-tube (PIT) wire are presented. The tests were carried out on a 2-m-long sample by using the FReSCa test station, at T = 4.3 K and background magnetic fields up to 9.6 T. For applied pressures below ≈ 130 MPa, only reversible reductions of the critical current, I c , are observed. At higher pressures, a permanent I c reduction occurs; such irreversible behaviour is due to the residual stresses generated by the plastic deformations of the copper stabilizer. This type of current reduction, whether reversible or not, is fully governed by the strain-induced variations of the upper critical field, B c2 . At higher pressures, estimated between 180 and 210 MPa, it is indeed plausible to believe that cracking of filaments occurs, with detrimental consequences for the Nb3Sn cable’s electrical performances. The complete set of critical current data here presented, collected at different pressures and as a function of the applied magnetic field, allows for the first time to investigate the evolution of superconducting parameters such as the upper critical field B c2 in the irreversibility region, where both the effects of Cu matrix plasticization and/or cracking of filaments may occur. The experimental approach and data interpretation have a general value and can be applied to any typology of Rutherford cable.Gianluca De MarziBernardo BordiniDario BaffariNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gianluca De Marzi Bernardo Bordini Dario Baffari On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
description	Abstract Within the framework of the HiLumi-LHC project, CERN is currently manufacturing 11 T dipole and quadrupole accelerator magnets using state-of-the-art Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. Even higher magnetic fields are considered by the Hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) design study, which plans to develop 16 T Nb3Sn bending dipoles. In such high-field magnets, the design pre-stress can reach considerable values (150–200 MPa) and, since Nb3Sn is a brittle compound, this can constitute a technological difficult challenge. Due to the significant impact that a transverse load can have on the performances of a Nb3Sn magnet, CERN has launched a campaign of critical current measurements of reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cables subjected to transverse pressure up to about 210 MPa. In this paper, results obtained on 18-strand 10-mm-wide cable sample based on a 1-mm-diameter powder-in-tube (PIT) wire are presented. The tests were carried out on a 2-m-long sample by using the FReSCa test station, at T = 4.3 K and background magnetic fields up to 9.6 T. For applied pressures below ≈ 130 MPa, only reversible reductions of the critical current, I c , are observed. At higher pressures, a permanent I c reduction occurs; such irreversible behaviour is due to the residual stresses generated by the plastic deformations of the copper stabilizer. This type of current reduction, whether reversible or not, is fully governed by the strain-induced variations of the upper critical field, B c2 . At higher pressures, estimated between 180 and 210 MPa, it is indeed plausible to believe that cracking of filaments occurs, with detrimental consequences for the Nb3Sn cable’s electrical performances. The complete set of critical current data here presented, collected at different pressures and as a function of the applied magnetic field, allows for the first time to investigate the evolution of superconducting parameters such as the upper critical field B c2 in the irreversibility region, where both the effects of Cu matrix plasticization and/or cracking of filaments may occur. The experimental approach and data interpretation have a general value and can be applied to any typology of Rutherford cable.
format	article
author	Gianluca De Marzi Bernardo Bordini Dario Baffari
author_facet	Gianluca De Marzi Bernardo Bordini Dario Baffari
author_sort	Gianluca De Marzi
title	On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
title_short	On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
title_full	On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
title_fullStr	On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
title_full_unstemmed	On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress
title_sort	on the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in nb3sn rutherford cables under transverse stress
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6f493b9d8104d73b0994a4f1adfe607
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On the mechanisms governing the critical current reduction in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress

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