Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China

The ocean delivers many ecosystem services to human society in providing food, livelihoods, and recreation and is crucial for regulating the global climate. Coastal cities, which have become the backbone of national economies, are highly dependent on the ecosystem services supported by the ocean. As...

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Autores principales:	Zhen Wu, Ruishan Chen, Michael E. Meadows, Xue Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Ocean Health Index Ecosystem health Coastal area City scale Shanghai Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c6fa9392fd0d43cca25d85cd74891266
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c6fa9392fd0d43cca25d85cd748912662021-12-01T04:50:32ZApplication of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107650https://doaj.org/article/c6fa9392fd0d43cca25d85cd748912662021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21003150https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XThe ocean delivers many ecosystem services to human society in providing food, livelihoods, and recreation and is crucial for regulating the global climate. Coastal cities, which have become the backbone of national economies, are highly dependent on the ecosystem services supported by the ocean. As a global coastal megacity, Shanghai has benefited enormously from its relationship with the ocean but its burgeoning population and rampant economic development in recent decades have applied great pressures on the associated coastal ecosystems and have reduced the ocean's capacity to provide ecosystem services and, meanwhile, have led to the demand for greater investment in ocean ecosystem restoration. To support the goal of long-term sustainability and facilitate appropriate management decisions, it is essential to assess the current health status of the coastal ecosystems of Shanghai and evaluate potential future risks. Here we apply the Ocean Health Index (OHI) framework, with indicators and reference points adjusted based on the unique coastal environment in Shanghai. The results reveal that the city obtained an overall OHI of 59 (out of 100) for the period 2012 to 2016. Individual indicators for Clean Waters (22) and Fisheries (39) exhibit particularly low values, indicating that the coastal waters around Shanghai are heavily polluted and that marine fishing is unsustainable. The city’s highest OHI scores are in the sectors of Coastal Livelihoods and Economies (93), and Tourism and Recreation (93), indicating that Shanghai’s coastal ecosystems contribute significantly to people’s livelihoods and regional economies, while marine recreational areas and related leisure activities add considerably to the quality of life in the region. This study demonstrates the value of the OHI in assessing ocean health at the city scale and reveals its potential for application in other coastal localities. In so doing, the findings provide a valuable benchmark against which to measure progress towards the sustainable development of Shanghai's oceans.Zhen WuRuishan ChenMichael E. MeadowsXue LiuElsevierarticleOcean Health IndexEcosystem healthCoastal areaCity scaleShanghaiEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 126, Iss , Pp 107650- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ocean Health Index Ecosystem health Coastal area City scale Shanghai Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Ocean Health Index Ecosystem health Coastal area City scale Shanghai Ecology QH540-549.5 Zhen Wu Ruishan Chen Michael E. Meadows Xue Liu Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
description	The ocean delivers many ecosystem services to human society in providing food, livelihoods, and recreation and is crucial for regulating the global climate. Coastal cities, which have become the backbone of national economies, are highly dependent on the ecosystem services supported by the ocean. As a global coastal megacity, Shanghai has benefited enormously from its relationship with the ocean but its burgeoning population and rampant economic development in recent decades have applied great pressures on the associated coastal ecosystems and have reduced the ocean's capacity to provide ecosystem services and, meanwhile, have led to the demand for greater investment in ocean ecosystem restoration. To support the goal of long-term sustainability and facilitate appropriate management decisions, it is essential to assess the current health status of the coastal ecosystems of Shanghai and evaluate potential future risks. Here we apply the Ocean Health Index (OHI) framework, with indicators and reference points adjusted based on the unique coastal environment in Shanghai. The results reveal that the city obtained an overall OHI of 59 (out of 100) for the period 2012 to 2016. Individual indicators for Clean Waters (22) and Fisheries (39) exhibit particularly low values, indicating that the coastal waters around Shanghai are heavily polluted and that marine fishing is unsustainable. The city’s highest OHI scores are in the sectors of Coastal Livelihoods and Economies (93), and Tourism and Recreation (93), indicating that Shanghai’s coastal ecosystems contribute significantly to people’s livelihoods and regional economies, while marine recreational areas and related leisure activities add considerably to the quality of life in the region. This study demonstrates the value of the OHI in assessing ocean health at the city scale and reveals its potential for application in other coastal localities. In so doing, the findings provide a valuable benchmark against which to measure progress towards the sustainable development of Shanghai's oceans.
format	article
author	Zhen Wu Ruishan Chen Michael E. Meadows Xue Liu
author_facet	Zhen Wu Ruishan Chen Michael E. Meadows Xue Liu
author_sort	Zhen Wu
title	Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
title_short	Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
title_full	Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
title_fullStr	Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
title_full_unstemmed	Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China
title_sort	application of the ocean health index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of shanghai, china
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c6fa9392fd0d43cca25d85cd74891266
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhenwu applicationoftheoceanhealthindextoassessecosystemhealthforthecoastalareasofshanghaichina AT ruishanchen applicationoftheoceanhealthindextoassessecosystemhealthforthecoastalareasofshanghaichina AT michaelemeadows applicationoftheoceanhealthindextoassessecosystemhealthforthecoastalareasofshanghaichina AT xueliu applicationoftheoceanhealthindextoassessecosystemhealthforthecoastalareasofshanghaichina
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Application of the Ocean Health Index to assess ecosystem health for the coastal areas of Shanghai, China

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