Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences

Efficient identification of groundwater contamination is a major issue in the context of groundwater use and protection. This study used a new approach of multi-hydrochemical indicators, including the Cl-Br mass ratio, the hydrochemical facies, and the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, organic c...

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Autores principales: Pan Bi, Lixin Pei, Guanxing Huang, Dongya Han, Jiangmin Song
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:c70eeed9a2ec4fe09603a5622f634a252021-11-25T17:51:34ZIdentification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences10.3390/ijerph1822121431660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/c70eeed9a2ec4fe09603a5622f634a252021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12143https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Efficient identification of groundwater contamination is a major issue in the context of groundwater use and protection. This study used a new approach of multi-hydrochemical indicators, including the Cl-Br mass ratio, the hydrochemical facies, and the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, organic contaminants, and Pb in groundwater to identify groundwater contamination in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) where there is large scale urbanization. In addition, the main factors resulting in groundwater contamination in the PRD were also discussed by using socioeconomic data and principal component analysis. Approximately 60% of groundwater sites in the PRD were identified to be contaminated according to the above six indicators. Contaminated groundwaters commonly occur in porous and fissured aquifers but rarely in karst aquifers. Groundwater contamination in porous aquifers is positively correlated with the urbanization level. Similarly, in fissured aquifers, the proportions of contaminated groundwater in urbanized and peri-urban areas were approximately two times that in non-urbanized areas. Groundwater contamination in the PRD was mainly attributed to the infiltration of wastewater from township-village enterprises on a regional scale. In addition, livestock waste was also an important source of groundwater contamination in the PRD. Therefore, in the future, the supervision of the wastewater discharge of township-village enterprises and the waste discharge of livestock should be strengthened to protect against groundwater contamination in the PRD.Pan BiLixin PeiGuanxing HuangDongya HanJiangmin SongMDPI AGarticlegroundwater contaminationmulti-hydrochemical evidencesporous aquifersfissured aquifersurbanizationMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12143, p 12143 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic groundwater contamination
multi-hydrochemical evidences
porous aquifers
fissured aquifers
urbanization
Medicine
R
spellingShingle groundwater contamination
multi-hydrochemical evidences
porous aquifers
fissured aquifers
urbanization
Medicine
R
Pan Bi
Lixin Pei
Guanxing Huang
Dongya Han
Jiangmin Song
Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
description Efficient identification of groundwater contamination is a major issue in the context of groundwater use and protection. This study used a new approach of multi-hydrochemical indicators, including the Cl-Br mass ratio, the hydrochemical facies, and the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, organic contaminants, and Pb in groundwater to identify groundwater contamination in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) where there is large scale urbanization. In addition, the main factors resulting in groundwater contamination in the PRD were also discussed by using socioeconomic data and principal component analysis. Approximately 60% of groundwater sites in the PRD were identified to be contaminated according to the above six indicators. Contaminated groundwaters commonly occur in porous and fissured aquifers but rarely in karst aquifers. Groundwater contamination in porous aquifers is positively correlated with the urbanization level. Similarly, in fissured aquifers, the proportions of contaminated groundwater in urbanized and peri-urban areas were approximately two times that in non-urbanized areas. Groundwater contamination in the PRD was mainly attributed to the infiltration of wastewater from township-village enterprises on a regional scale. In addition, livestock waste was also an important source of groundwater contamination in the PRD. Therefore, in the future, the supervision of the wastewater discharge of township-village enterprises and the waste discharge of livestock should be strengthened to protect against groundwater contamination in the PRD.
format article
author Pan Bi
Lixin Pei
Guanxing Huang
Dongya Han
Jiangmin Song
author_facet Pan Bi
Lixin Pei
Guanxing Huang
Dongya Han
Jiangmin Song
author_sort Pan Bi
title Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
title_short Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
title_full Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
title_fullStr Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Groundwater Contamination in a Rapidly Urbanized Area on a Regional Scale: A New Approach of Multi-Hydrochemical Evidences
title_sort identification of groundwater contamination in a rapidly urbanized area on a regional scale: a new approach of multi-hydrochemical evidences
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/c70eeed9a2ec4fe09603a5622f634a25
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AT lixinpei identificationofgroundwatercontaminationinarapidlyurbanizedareaonaregionalscaleanewapproachofmultihydrochemicalevidences
AT guanxinghuang identificationofgroundwatercontaminationinarapidlyurbanizedareaonaregionalscaleanewapproachofmultihydrochemicalevidences
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AT jiangminsong identificationofgroundwatercontaminationinarapidlyurbanizedareaonaregionalscaleanewapproachofmultihydrochemicalevidences
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