Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation

<i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> De Luca, Sabato et Vázq.Torres is an endangered species; it is endemic and its distribution is restricted to the biogeographic province of the Mexican Pacific Coast. The aim of this work was to determine the diversity and genetic structure of nine populations. The...

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Autores principales:	Mario Valerio Velasco-García, Carlos Ramírez-Herrera, Javier López-Upton, Juan Ignacio Valdez-Hernández, Higinio López-Sánchez, Lauro López-Mata
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	heterozygosity fixation index genetic distance endemic conservation Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c74af3ee0dbd4cdeb6d8e12fbdb0e97a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c74af3ee0dbd4cdeb6d8e12fbdb0e97a2021-11-25T18:44:13ZDiversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation10.3390/plants101122502223-7747https://doaj.org/article/c74af3ee0dbd4cdeb6d8e12fbdb0e97a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2250https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747<i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> De Luca, Sabato et Vázq.Torres is an endangered species; it is endemic and its distribution is restricted to the biogeographic province of the Mexican Pacific Coast. The aim of this work was to determine the diversity and genetic structure of nine populations. The genetic diversity parameters and Wright’s F statistics were determined with six microsatellite loci. The genetic structure was determined by using the <i>Structure</i> software and by a discriminant analysis. The genetic diversity of the populations was high. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.89, the observed heterogeneity was higher (Ho = 0.62 to 0.98) than expected (He = 0.48 to 0.78), and the fixation index was negative (IF = −0.091 to −0.601). Heterozygous deficiency (FIT = 0.071) was found at the species level and heterozygotes excess (FIS = −0.287) at the population level. The genetic differentiation between populations was high (FST = 0.287), with the number of migrants less than one. Three groups of populations were differentiated, and the variation within populations, between populations, and between groups was: 65.5, 26.3, and 8.2%, respectively. Multiple factors explain the high genetic diversity, while the genetic structure is due to geographic barriers. Community reserves are urgent in at least one most diverse population of each group.Mario Valerio Velasco-GarcíaCarlos Ramírez-HerreraJavier López-UptonJuan Ignacio Valdez-HernándezHiginio López-SánchezLauro López-MataMDPI AGarticleheterozygosityfixation indexgenetic distanceendemicconservationBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2250, p 2250 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heterozygosity fixation index genetic distance endemic conservation Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	heterozygosity fixation index genetic distance endemic conservation Botany QK1-989 Mario Valerio Velasco-García Carlos Ramírez-Herrera Javier López-Upton Juan Ignacio Valdez-Hernández Higinio López-Sánchez Lauro López-Mata Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
description	<i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> De Luca, Sabato et Vázq.Torres is an endangered species; it is endemic and its distribution is restricted to the biogeographic province of the Mexican Pacific Coast. The aim of this work was to determine the diversity and genetic structure of nine populations. The genetic diversity parameters and Wright’s F statistics were determined with six microsatellite loci. The genetic structure was determined by using the <i>Structure</i> software and by a discriminant analysis. The genetic diversity of the populations was high. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.89, the observed heterogeneity was higher (Ho = 0.62 to 0.98) than expected (He = 0.48 to 0.78), and the fixation index was negative (IF = −0.091 to −0.601). Heterozygous deficiency (FIT = 0.071) was found at the species level and heterozygotes excess (FIS = −0.287) at the population level. The genetic differentiation between populations was high (FST = 0.287), with the number of migrants less than one. Three groups of populations were differentiated, and the variation within populations, between populations, and between groups was: 65.5, 26.3, and 8.2%, respectively. Multiple factors explain the high genetic diversity, while the genetic structure is due to geographic barriers. Community reserves are urgent in at least one most diverse population of each group.
format	article
author	Mario Valerio Velasco-García Carlos Ramírez-Herrera Javier López-Upton Juan Ignacio Valdez-Hernández Higinio López-Sánchez Lauro López-Mata
author_facet	Mario Valerio Velasco-García Carlos Ramírez-Herrera Javier López-Upton Juan Ignacio Valdez-Hernández Higinio López-Sánchez Lauro López-Mata
author_sort	Mario Valerio Velasco-García
title	Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
title_short	Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
title_full	Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
title_fullStr	Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation
title_sort	diversity and genetic structure of <i>dioon holmgrenii</i> (cycadales: zamiaceae) in the mexican pacific coast biogeographic province: implications for conservation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c74af3ee0dbd4cdeb6d8e12fbdb0e97a
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Diversity and Genetic Structure of <i>Dioon holmgrenii</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) in the Mexican Pacific Coast Biogeographic Province: Implications for Conservation

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