Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak

ABSTRACT Cholera continues to be an important cause of human infections, and outbreaks are often observed after natural disasters, such as the one following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Once the cholera outbreak was confirmed, rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Ne...

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Autores principales:	Rene S. Hendriksen, Lance B. Price, James M. Schupp, John D. Gillece, Rolf S. Kaas, David M. Engelthaler, Valeria Bortolaia, Talima Pearson, Andrew E. Waters, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay, Sirjana Devi Shrestha, Shailaja Adhikari, Geeta Shakya, Paul S. Keim, Frank M. Aarestrup
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2011
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c76b9b69d2d1443f9756f22e4600a4a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c76b9b69d2d1443f9756f22e4600a4a02021-11-15T15:38:45ZPopulation Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak10.1128/mBio.00157-112150-7511https://doaj.org/article/c76b9b69d2d1443f9756f22e4600a4a02011-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00157-11https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Cholera continues to be an important cause of human infections, and outbreaks are often observed after natural disasters, such as the one following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Once the cholera outbreak was confirmed, rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Nepalese soldiers serving as United Nations peacekeepers. This possible connection has never been confirmed. We used whole-genome sequence typing (WGST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to characterize 24 recent Vibrio cholerae isolates from Nepal and evaluate the suggested epidemiological link with the Haitian outbreak. The isolates were obtained from 30 July to 1 November 2010 from five different districts in Nepal. We compared the 24 genomes to 10 previously sequenced V. cholerae isolates, including 3 from the Haitian outbreak (began July 2010). Antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE patterns were consistent with an epidemiological link between the isolates from Nepal and Haiti. WGST showed that all 24 V. cholerae isolates from Nepal belonged to a single monophyletic group that also contained isolates from Bangladesh and Haiti. The Nepalese isolates were divided into four closely related clusters. One cluster contained three Nepalese isolates and three Haitian isolates that were almost identical, with only 1- or 2-bp differences. Results in this study are consistent with Nepal as the origin of the Haitian outbreak. This highlights how rapidly infectious diseases might be transmitted globally through international travel and how public health officials need advanced molecular tools along with standard epidemiological analyses to quickly determine the sources of outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Cholera is one of the ancient classical diseases and particularly prone to cause major outbreaks following major natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, where the normal separation between sewage and drinking water is destroyed. This was the case following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Nepalese soldiers serving as United Nations peacekeepers. This possible connection has never been confirmed. Sequencing the genomes of bacteria can give detailed information on whether isolates from different sites share a common origin. We used this technology to sequence isolates of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and compare these high-resolution genotypes to the complete genome sequences of isolates from the Haiti outbreak. We provide support for the hypothesis that the isolates were brought to Haiti from Nepal.Rene S. HendriksenLance B. PriceJames M. SchuppJohn D. GilleceRolf S. KaasDavid M. EngelthalerValeria BortolaiaTalima PearsonAndrew E. WatersBishnu Prasad UpadhyaySirjana Devi ShresthaShailaja AdhikariGeeta ShakyaPaul S. KeimFrank M. AarestrupAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 2, Iss 4 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Rene S. Hendriksen Lance B. Price James M. Schupp John D. Gillece Rolf S. Kaas David M. Engelthaler Valeria Bortolaia Talima Pearson Andrew E. Waters Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay Sirjana Devi Shrestha Shailaja Adhikari Geeta Shakya Paul S. Keim Frank M. Aarestrup Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
description	ABSTRACT Cholera continues to be an important cause of human infections, and outbreaks are often observed after natural disasters, such as the one following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Once the cholera outbreak was confirmed, rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Nepalese soldiers serving as United Nations peacekeepers. This possible connection has never been confirmed. We used whole-genome sequence typing (WGST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to characterize 24 recent Vibrio cholerae isolates from Nepal and evaluate the suggested epidemiological link with the Haitian outbreak. The isolates were obtained from 30 July to 1 November 2010 from five different districts in Nepal. We compared the 24 genomes to 10 previously sequenced V. cholerae isolates, including 3 from the Haitian outbreak (began July 2010). Antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE patterns were consistent with an epidemiological link between the isolates from Nepal and Haiti. WGST showed that all 24 V. cholerae isolates from Nepal belonged to a single monophyletic group that also contained isolates from Bangladesh and Haiti. The Nepalese isolates were divided into four closely related clusters. One cluster contained three Nepalese isolates and three Haitian isolates that were almost identical, with only 1- or 2-bp differences. Results in this study are consistent with Nepal as the origin of the Haitian outbreak. This highlights how rapidly infectious diseases might be transmitted globally through international travel and how public health officials need advanced molecular tools along with standard epidemiological analyses to quickly determine the sources of outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Cholera is one of the ancient classical diseases and particularly prone to cause major outbreaks following major natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, where the normal separation between sewage and drinking water is destroyed. This was the case following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Nepalese soldiers serving as United Nations peacekeepers. This possible connection has never been confirmed. Sequencing the genomes of bacteria can give detailed information on whether isolates from different sites share a common origin. We used this technology to sequence isolates of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and compare these high-resolution genotypes to the complete genome sequences of isolates from the Haiti outbreak. We provide support for the hypothesis that the isolates were brought to Haiti from Nepal.
format	article
author	Rene S. Hendriksen Lance B. Price James M. Schupp John D. Gillece Rolf S. Kaas David M. Engelthaler Valeria Bortolaia Talima Pearson Andrew E. Waters Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay Sirjana Devi Shrestha Shailaja Adhikari Geeta Shakya Paul S. Keim Frank M. Aarestrup
author_facet	Rene S. Hendriksen Lance B. Price James M. Schupp John D. Gillece Rolf S. Kaas David M. Engelthaler Valeria Bortolaia Talima Pearson Andrew E. Waters Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay Sirjana Devi Shrestha Shailaja Adhikari Geeta Shakya Paul S. Keim Frank M. Aarestrup
author_sort	Rene S. Hendriksen
title	Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
title_short	Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
title_full	Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
title_fullStr	Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
title_full_unstemmed	Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak
title_sort	population genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">vibrio cholerae</named-content> from nepal in 2010: evidence on the origin of the haitian outbreak
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/c76b9b69d2d1443f9756f22e4600a4a0
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Population Genetics of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak

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