Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1

Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limi...

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Autores principales:	Lingmin Jiang, Myoung Hui Lee, Cha Young Kim, Suk Weon Kim, Pyoung Il Kim, Sung Ran Min, Jiyoung Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	volatile organic compounds Cladosporium sp. strain plant growth promotion 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c22021-12-03T07:20:09ZPlant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF11664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.794349https://doaj.org/article/c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.794349/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XMicrobial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs. The VOCs from C. halotolerans NGPF1 significantly promoted plant growth compared with the control, and this PGP activity of the VOCs was culture medium-dependent. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified two VOC structures with profiles that differed depending on the culture medium. The two compounds that were only produced in potato dextrose (PD) medium were identified as 2-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanal, and both modulated plant growth promotion and root system development. The PGP effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using N. benthamiana plants. A blend of the two VOCs enhanced growth promotion and root system development compared with the individual compounds. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed markedly increased expression of genes involved in auxin, expansin, and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in plant leaves exposed to the two volatile blends, while cytokinin and ethylene expression levels were decreased or similar in comparison with the control. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring fungal VOCs can induce plant growth promotion and provide new insights into the mechanism of PGP activity. The application of stimulatory volatiles for growth enhancement could be used in the agricultural industry to increase crop yield.Lingmin JiangMyoung Hui LeeCha Young KimSuk Weon KimPyoung Il KimSung Ran MinJiyoung LeeFrontiers Media S.A.articlevolatile organic compoundsCladosporium sp. strainplant growth promotion2-methyl-butanal3-methyl-butanalPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	volatile organic compounds Cladosporium sp. strain plant growth promotion 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	volatile organic compounds Cladosporium sp. strain plant growth promotion 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal Plant culture SB1-1110 Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
description	Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs. The VOCs from C. halotolerans NGPF1 significantly promoted plant growth compared with the control, and this PGP activity of the VOCs was culture medium-dependent. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified two VOC structures with profiles that differed depending on the culture medium. The two compounds that were only produced in potato dextrose (PD) medium were identified as 2-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanal, and both modulated plant growth promotion and root system development. The PGP effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using N. benthamiana plants. A blend of the two VOCs enhanced growth promotion and root system development compared with the individual compounds. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed markedly increased expression of genes involved in auxin, expansin, and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in plant leaves exposed to the two volatile blends, while cytokinin and ethylene expression levels were decreased or similar in comparison with the control. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring fungal VOCs can induce plant growth promotion and provide new insights into the mechanism of PGP activity. The application of stimulatory volatiles for growth enhancement could be used in the agricultural industry to increase crop yield.
format	article
author	Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee
author_facet	Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee
author_sort	Lingmin Jiang
title	Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
title_short	Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
title_full	Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
title_fullStr	Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
title_full_unstemmed	Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
title_sort	plant growth promotion by two volatile organic compounds emitted from the fungus cladosporium halotolerans ngpf1
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c2
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Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1

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