Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management

Drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) within buildings on pig farms have critical elements of their design and management that impact water provision to pigs, water quality, the efficacy of in-water antimicrobial dosing, and, thus, pig health and performance. We used a mixed-methods approach to...

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Autores principales:	Stephen Little, Andrew Woodward, Glenn Browning, Helen Billman-Jacobe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	drinking water water distribution system hydraulic performance flow rates pig drinkers water sanitization Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c78e9927e64c4bc996d51acc3381f321
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c78e9927e64c4bc996d51acc3381f3212021-11-25T16:20:04ZWater Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management10.3390/ani111132682076-2615https://doaj.org/article/c78e9927e64c4bc996d51acc3381f3212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3268https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) within buildings on pig farms have critical elements of their design and management that impact water provision to pigs, water quality, the efficacy of in-water antimicrobial dosing, and, thus, pig health and performance. We used a mixed-methods approach to survey managers of 25 medium to large single-site and multi-site pig farming enterprises across eastern and southern Australia. We found wide variation in the configuration (looped or branched) and total length of WDSs within buildings across farms and in pipe materials and diameters. Within many conventional buildings and some eco-shelters, WDSs were ‘over-sized’, comprising large-diameter main pipelines with high holding volumes, resulting in slow velocity water flows through sections of a WDS’s main pipeline. In over half of the weaner buildings and one-third of grower/finisher buildings, the number of pigs per drinker exceeded the recommended maximum. Few farms measured flow rates from drinkers quantitatively. WDS sanitization was not practiced on many farms, and few managers were aware of the risks to water quality and pig health. We identified important aspects of water provision to pigs for which valuable recommendations could be added to industry guidelines available to pig farm managers.Stephen LittleAndrew WoodwardGlenn BrowningHelen Billman-JacobeMDPI AGarticledrinking waterwater distribution systemhydraulic performanceflow ratespig drinkerswater sanitizationVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3268, p 3268 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	drinking water water distribution system hydraulic performance flow rates pig drinkers water sanitization Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	drinking water water distribution system hydraulic performance flow rates pig drinkers water sanitization Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Stephen Little Andrew Woodward Glenn Browning Helen Billman-Jacobe Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
description	Drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) within buildings on pig farms have critical elements of their design and management that impact water provision to pigs, water quality, the efficacy of in-water antimicrobial dosing, and, thus, pig health and performance. We used a mixed-methods approach to survey managers of 25 medium to large single-site and multi-site pig farming enterprises across eastern and southern Australia. We found wide variation in the configuration (looped or branched) and total length of WDSs within buildings across farms and in pipe materials and diameters. Within many conventional buildings and some eco-shelters, WDSs were ‘over-sized’, comprising large-diameter main pipelines with high holding volumes, resulting in slow velocity water flows through sections of a WDS’s main pipeline. In over half of the weaner buildings and one-third of grower/finisher buildings, the number of pigs per drinker exceeded the recommended maximum. Few farms measured flow rates from drinkers quantitatively. WDS sanitization was not practiced on many farms, and few managers were aware of the risks to water quality and pig health. We identified important aspects of water provision to pigs for which valuable recommendations could be added to industry guidelines available to pig farm managers.
format	article
author	Stephen Little Andrew Woodward Glenn Browning Helen Billman-Jacobe
author_facet	Stephen Little Andrew Woodward Glenn Browning Helen Billman-Jacobe
author_sort	Stephen Little
title	Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
title_short	Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
title_full	Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
title_fullStr	Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
title_full_unstemmed	Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management
title_sort	water distribution systems in pig farm buildings: critical elements of design and management
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c78e9927e64c4bc996d51acc3381f321
work_keys_str_mv	AT stephenlittle waterdistributionsystemsinpigfarmbuildingscriticalelementsofdesignandmanagement AT andrewwoodward waterdistributionsystemsinpigfarmbuildingscriticalelementsofdesignandmanagement AT glennbrowning waterdistributionsystemsinpigfarmbuildingscriticalelementsofdesignandmanagement AT helenbillmanjacobe waterdistributionsystemsinpigfarmbuildingscriticalelementsofdesignandmanagement
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Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management

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