3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements

The in-line monitoring of liquid properties, such as density and viscosity, is a key process in many industrial areas such as agro-food, automotive or biotechnology, requiring real-time automation, low-cost and miniaturization, while maintaining a level of accuracy and resolution comparable to bench...

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Autores principales:	Javier Toledo, Víctor Ruiz-Díez, Jaime Velasco, Jorge Hernando-García, José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3D-printing piezoelectric PZT actuators oscillator circuit low-cost Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7a680416c84439381d3bba1967cebb0
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:c7a680416c84439381d3bba1967cebb0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7a680416c84439381d3bba1967cebb02021-11-25T18:58:14Z3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements10.3390/s212276541424-8220https://doaj.org/article/c7a680416c84439381d3bba1967cebb02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7654https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The in-line monitoring of liquid properties, such as density and viscosity, is a key process in many industrial areas such as agro-food, automotive or biotechnology, requiring real-time automation, low-cost and miniaturization, while maintaining a level of accuracy and resolution comparable to benchtop instruments. In this paper, 3D-printed cuboid-shaped liquid cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric layers, were designed, fabricated and tested. The device was resonantly excited in the 3rd-order roof tile-shaped vibration mode of the plate and validated as a density-viscosity sensor. Furthermore, conditioning circuits were designed to adapt the impedance of the resonator and to cancel parasitic effects. This allowed us to implement a phase-locked loop-based oscillator circuit whose oscillation frequency and voltage amplitude could be calibrated against density and viscosity of the liquid flowing through the cell. To demonstrate the performance, the sensor was calibrated with a set of artificial model solutions of grape must, representing stages of a wine fermentation process. Our results demonstrate the high potential of the low-cost sensor to detect the decrease in sugar and the increase in ethanol concentrations during a grape must fermentation, with a resolution of 10 µg/mL and 3 µPa·s as upper limits for the density and viscosity, respectively.Javier ToledoVíctor Ruiz-DíezJaime VelascoJorge Hernando-GarcíaJosé Luis Sánchez-RojasMDPI AGarticle3D-printingpiezoelectricPZTactuatorsoscillator circuitlow-costChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7654, p 7654 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D-printing piezoelectric PZT actuators oscillator circuit low-cost Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	3D-printing piezoelectric PZT actuators oscillator circuit low-cost Chemical technology TP1-1185 Javier Toledo Víctor Ruiz-Díez Jaime Velasco Jorge Hernando-García José Luis Sánchez-Rojas 3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
description	The in-line monitoring of liquid properties, such as density and viscosity, is a key process in many industrial areas such as agro-food, automotive or biotechnology, requiring real-time automation, low-cost and miniaturization, while maintaining a level of accuracy and resolution comparable to benchtop instruments. In this paper, 3D-printed cuboid-shaped liquid cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric layers, were designed, fabricated and tested. The device was resonantly excited in the 3rd-order roof tile-shaped vibration mode of the plate and validated as a density-viscosity sensor. Furthermore, conditioning circuits were designed to adapt the impedance of the resonator and to cancel parasitic effects. This allowed us to implement a phase-locked loop-based oscillator circuit whose oscillation frequency and voltage amplitude could be calibrated against density and viscosity of the liquid flowing through the cell. To demonstrate the performance, the sensor was calibrated with a set of artificial model solutions of grape must, representing stages of a wine fermentation process. Our results demonstrate the high potential of the low-cost sensor to detect the decrease in sugar and the increase in ethanol concentrations during a grape must fermentation, with a resolution of 10 µg/mL and 3 µPa·s as upper limits for the density and viscosity, respectively.
format	article
author	Javier Toledo Víctor Ruiz-Díez Jaime Velasco Jorge Hernando-García José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
author_facet	Javier Toledo Víctor Ruiz-Díez Jaime Velasco Jorge Hernando-García José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
author_sort	Javier Toledo
title	3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
title_short	3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
title_full	3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
title_fullStr	3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
title_full_unstemmed	3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements
title_sort	3d-printed liquid cell resonator with piezoelectric actuation for in-line density-viscosity measurements
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7a680416c84439381d3bba1967cebb0
work_keys_str_mv	AT javiertoledo 3dprintedliquidcellresonatorwithpiezoelectricactuationforinlinedensityviscositymeasurements AT victorruizdiez 3dprintedliquidcellresonatorwithpiezoelectricactuationforinlinedensityviscositymeasurements AT jaimevelasco 3dprintedliquidcellresonatorwithpiezoelectricactuationforinlinedensityviscositymeasurements AT jorgehernandogarcia 3dprintedliquidcellresonatorwithpiezoelectricactuationforinlinedensityviscositymeasurements AT joseluissanchezrojas 3dprintedliquidcellresonatorwithpiezoelectricactuationforinlinedensityviscositymeasurements
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3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements

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