CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.

Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the major human pathogens, is a unique species since it has acquired diverse strain-specific virulence properties mainly through the acquisition of streptococcal prophages. In addition, S. pyogenes possesses clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CR...

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Autores principales:	Takashi Nozawa, Nayuta Furukawa, Chihiro Aikawa, Takayasu Watanabe, Bijaya Haobam, Ken Kurokawa, Fumito Maruyama, Ichiro Nakagawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7bab222ff0742e5a802f5f0abe26c4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7bab222ff0742e5a802f5f0abe26c4b2021-11-18T06:54:21ZCRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0019543https://doaj.org/article/c7bab222ff0742e5a802f5f0abe26c4b2011-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21573110/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the major human pathogens, is a unique species since it has acquired diverse strain-specific virulence properties mainly through the acquisition of streptococcal prophages. In addition, S. pyogenes possesses clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems that can restrict horizontal gene transfer (HGT) including phage insertion. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the relationship between CRISPR and acquisition of prophages in S. pyogenes. Although two distinct CRISPR loci were found in S. pyogenes, some strains lacked CRISPR and these strains possess significantly more prophages than CRISPR harboring strains. We also found that the number of spacers of S. pyogenes CRISPR was less than for other streptococci. The demonstrated spacer contents, however, suggested that the CRISPR appear to limit phage insertions. In addition, we found a significant inverse correlation between the number of spacers and prophages in S. pyogenes. It was therefore suggested that S. pyogenes CRISPR have permitted phage insertion by lacking its own spacers. Interestingly, in two closely related S. pyogenes strains (SSI-1 and MGAS315), CRISPR activity appeared to be impaired following the insertion of phage genomes into the repeat sequences. Detailed analysis of this prophage insertion site suggested that MGAS315 is the ancestral strain of SSI-1. As a result of analysis of 35 additional streptococcal genomes, it was suggested that the influences of the CRISPR on the phage insertion vary among species even within the same genus. Our results suggested that limitations in CRISPR content could explain the characteristic acquisition of prophages and might contribute to strain-specific pathogenesis in S. pyogenes.Takashi NozawaNayuta FurukawaChihiro AikawaTakayasu WatanabeBijaya HaobamKen KurokawaFumito MaruyamaIchiro NakagawaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e19543 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Takashi Nozawa Nayuta Furukawa Chihiro Aikawa Takayasu Watanabe Bijaya Haobam Ken Kurokawa Fumito Maruyama Ichiro Nakagawa CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
description	Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the major human pathogens, is a unique species since it has acquired diverse strain-specific virulence properties mainly through the acquisition of streptococcal prophages. In addition, S. pyogenes possesses clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems that can restrict horizontal gene transfer (HGT) including phage insertion. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the relationship between CRISPR and acquisition of prophages in S. pyogenes. Although two distinct CRISPR loci were found in S. pyogenes, some strains lacked CRISPR and these strains possess significantly more prophages than CRISPR harboring strains. We also found that the number of spacers of S. pyogenes CRISPR was less than for other streptococci. The demonstrated spacer contents, however, suggested that the CRISPR appear to limit phage insertions. In addition, we found a significant inverse correlation between the number of spacers and prophages in S. pyogenes. It was therefore suggested that S. pyogenes CRISPR have permitted phage insertion by lacking its own spacers. Interestingly, in two closely related S. pyogenes strains (SSI-1 and MGAS315), CRISPR activity appeared to be impaired following the insertion of phage genomes into the repeat sequences. Detailed analysis of this prophage insertion site suggested that MGAS315 is the ancestral strain of SSI-1. As a result of analysis of 35 additional streptococcal genomes, it was suggested that the influences of the CRISPR on the phage insertion vary among species even within the same genus. Our results suggested that limitations in CRISPR content could explain the characteristic acquisition of prophages and might contribute to strain-specific pathogenesis in S. pyogenes.
format	article
author	Takashi Nozawa Nayuta Furukawa Chihiro Aikawa Takayasu Watanabe Bijaya Haobam Ken Kurokawa Fumito Maruyama Ichiro Nakagawa
author_facet	Takashi Nozawa Nayuta Furukawa Chihiro Aikawa Takayasu Watanabe Bijaya Haobam Ken Kurokawa Fumito Maruyama Ichiro Nakagawa
author_sort	Takashi Nozawa
title	CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
title_short	CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
title_full	CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
title_fullStr	CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
title_full_unstemmed	CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.
title_sort	crispr inhibition of prophage acquisition in streptococcus pyogenes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7bab222ff0742e5a802f5f0abe26c4b
work_keys_str_mv	AT takashinozawa crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT nayutafurukawa crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT chihiroaikawa crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT takayasuwatanabe crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT bijayahaobam crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT kenkurokawa crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT fumitomaruyama crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes AT ichironakagawa crisprinhibitionofprophageacquisitioninstreptococcuspyogenes
_version_	1718424255330254848

CRISPR inhibition of prophage acquisition in Streptococcus pyogenes.

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