Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Crocodylus moreletii as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments

Micronuclei (MN) are used to assess genotoxic exposure, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) have been linked to genotoxic events. Crocodylus moreletii was studied to identify MN and NBs. Three groups were formed: Group 1 (water) and groups 2 and 3 (7 or 10 mg/kg of cyclo...

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Autores principales:	Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez, Jaime Luna-Aguirre, Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González, Olivia Torres-Bugarín, Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza, Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola, Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García, Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla, Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	erythrocytes crocodiles genotoxicity micronuclei nuclear buds Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7bcd739f2ec436ea3392235841b50d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7bcd739f2ec436ea3392235841b50d82021-11-25T16:18:23ZMicronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments10.3390/ani111131782076-2615https://doaj.org/article/c7bcd739f2ec436ea3392235841b50d82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3178https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Micronuclei (MN) are used to assess genotoxic exposure, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) have been linked to genotoxic events. <i>Crocodylus moreleti</i><i>i</i> was studied to identify MN and NBs. Three groups were formed: Group 1 (water) and groups 2 and 3 (7 or 10 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide). A drop of blood was obtained daily from the claw tip at 0 to 120 h. Spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and erythrocytes with nuclear buds (NBEs) were counted. The frequencies of micronucleated young erythrocytes (MNYEs) and NB young erythrocytes (NBYEs) were evaluated, including the ratio of young erythrocytes (YE)/1000 total erythrocytes. No significant differences were observed in the YE proportion on sampling days; group 1 did not show differences for any parameter, whereas group 2 showed significant differences in MNEs and NBEs, and group 3 showed differences in NBEs and NBYEs. Some mitotic activity in circulation was observed in YEs. In conclusion, NBEs could be a more sensitive biomarker to genotoxic damage than MNEs. The identification of these biomarkers leads us to propose <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as a possible environment bioindicator because these parameters could be useful to analyze the in vivo health status of these reptiles and for biomonitoring genotoxic pollutants in their habitats.Ana Lourdes Zamora-PerezJaime Luna-AguirreGuillermo Moisés Zúñiga-GonzálezOlivia Torres-BugarínBlanca Miriam Torres-MendozaMartha Patricia Gallegos-ArreolaRamón Guillermo Ortiz-GarcíaJuan Ernesto Gutiérrez-SevillaBelinda Claudia Gómez-MedaMDPI AGarticleerythrocytescrocodilesgenotoxicitymicronucleinuclear budsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3178, p 3178 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	erythrocytes crocodiles genotoxicity micronuclei nuclear buds Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	erythrocytes crocodiles genotoxicity micronuclei nuclear buds Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez Jaime Luna-Aguirre Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González Olivia Torres-Bugarín Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
description	Micronuclei (MN) are used to assess genotoxic exposure, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) have been linked to genotoxic events. <i>Crocodylus moreleti</i><i>i</i> was studied to identify MN and NBs. Three groups were formed: Group 1 (water) and groups 2 and 3 (7 or 10 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide). A drop of blood was obtained daily from the claw tip at 0 to 120 h. Spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and erythrocytes with nuclear buds (NBEs) were counted. The frequencies of micronucleated young erythrocytes (MNYEs) and NB young erythrocytes (NBYEs) were evaluated, including the ratio of young erythrocytes (YE)/1000 total erythrocytes. No significant differences were observed in the YE proportion on sampling days; group 1 did not show differences for any parameter, whereas group 2 showed significant differences in MNEs and NBEs, and group 3 showed differences in NBEs and NBYEs. Some mitotic activity in circulation was observed in YEs. In conclusion, NBEs could be a more sensitive biomarker to genotoxic damage than MNEs. The identification of these biomarkers leads us to propose <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as a possible environment bioindicator because these parameters could be useful to analyze the in vivo health status of these reptiles and for biomonitoring genotoxic pollutants in their habitats.
format	article
author	Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez Jaime Luna-Aguirre Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González Olivia Torres-Bugarín Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
author_facet	Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez Jaime Luna-Aguirre Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González Olivia Torres-Bugarín Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
author_sort	Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
title	Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
title_short	Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
title_full	Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
title_fullStr	Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
title_full_unstemmed	Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments
title_sort	micronuclei and nuclear buds induced by cyclophosphamide in <i>crocodylus moreletii</i> as useful biomarkers in aquatic environments
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7bcd739f2ec436ea3392235841b50d8
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Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in <i>Crocodylus moreletii</i> as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments

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