3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.

In neuroscience, stereotactic brain surgery is a standard yet challenging technique for which laboratory and veterinary personnel must be sufficiently and properly trained. There is currently no animal-free training option for neurosurgeries; stereotactic techniques are learned and practiced on dead...

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Autores principales:	Marie Bainier, Arel Su, Roger L Redondo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7c8e75e50684f009141b8769e3df8f5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7c8e75e50684f009141b8769e3df8f52021-12-02T20:10:13Z3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253477https://doaj.org/article/c7c8e75e50684f009141b8769e3df8f52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253477https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In neuroscience, stereotactic brain surgery is a standard yet challenging technique for which laboratory and veterinary personnel must be sufficiently and properly trained. There is currently no animal-free training option for neurosurgeries; stereotactic techniques are learned and practiced on dead animals. Here we have used three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to create rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models, specifically conceived for rodent stereotaxic surgery training. We used 3D models obtained from microCT pictures and printed them using materials that would provide the most accurate haptic feedback for each model-PC-ABS material for the rat and Durable resin for the mouse. We filled the skulls with Polyurethane expanding foam to mimic the brain. In order to simulate rodent skin, we added a rectangular 1mm thick clear silicone sheet on the skull. Ten qualified rodent neurosurgeons then performed a variety of stereotaxic surgeries on these rat and mouse 3D printed models. Participants evaluated models fidelity compared to cadaveric skulls and their appropriateness for educational use. The 3D printed rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models received an overwhelmingly positive response. They were perceived as very realistic, and considered an excellent alternative to cadaveric skulls for training purposes. They can be made rapidly and at low cost. Our real-size 3D printed replicas could enable cost- and time-efficient, animal-free neurosurgery training. They can be absolute replacements for stereotaxic surgery techniques practice including but not limited to craniotomies, screw placement, brain injections, implantations and cement applications. This project is a significant step forward in implementing the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) principles to animal experimentation. These 3D printed models could lead the way to the complete replacement of live animals for stereotaxic surgery training in laboratories and veterinary studies.Marie BainierArel SuRoger L RedondoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0253477 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marie Bainier Arel Su Roger L Redondo 3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
description	In neuroscience, stereotactic brain surgery is a standard yet challenging technique for which laboratory and veterinary personnel must be sufficiently and properly trained. There is currently no animal-free training option for neurosurgeries; stereotactic techniques are learned and practiced on dead animals. Here we have used three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to create rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models, specifically conceived for rodent stereotaxic surgery training. We used 3D models obtained from microCT pictures and printed them using materials that would provide the most accurate haptic feedback for each model-PC-ABS material for the rat and Durable resin for the mouse. We filled the skulls with Polyurethane expanding foam to mimic the brain. In order to simulate rodent skin, we added a rectangular 1mm thick clear silicone sheet on the skull. Ten qualified rodent neurosurgeons then performed a variety of stereotaxic surgeries on these rat and mouse 3D printed models. Participants evaluated models fidelity compared to cadaveric skulls and their appropriateness for educational use. The 3D printed rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models received an overwhelmingly positive response. They were perceived as very realistic, and considered an excellent alternative to cadaveric skulls for training purposes. They can be made rapidly and at low cost. Our real-size 3D printed replicas could enable cost- and time-efficient, animal-free neurosurgery training. They can be absolute replacements for stereotaxic surgery techniques practice including but not limited to craniotomies, screw placement, brain injections, implantations and cement applications. This project is a significant step forward in implementing the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) principles to animal experimentation. These 3D printed models could lead the way to the complete replacement of live animals for stereotaxic surgery training in laboratories and veterinary studies.
format	article
author	Marie Bainier Arel Su Roger L Redondo
author_facet	Marie Bainier Arel Su Roger L Redondo
author_sort	Marie Bainier
title	3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
title_short	3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
title_full	3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
title_fullStr	3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
title_full_unstemmed	3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
title_sort	3d printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: a novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7c8e75e50684f009141b8769e3df8f5
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariebainier 3dprintedrodentskinskullbrainmodelanovelanimalfreeapproachforneurosurgicaltraining AT arelsu 3dprintedrodentskinskullbrainmodelanovelanimalfreeapproachforneurosurgicaltraining AT rogerlredondo 3dprintedrodentskinskullbrainmodelanovelanimalfreeapproachforneurosurgicaltraining
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3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training.

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