Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City

Road pricing is advocated as an effective travel demand management strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and improve environmental conditions. This paper analyzes the impacts of cordon pricing on the population’s daily activity pattern and their exposure to particulate matter by integrating activ...

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Autores principales:	Amirhossein Baghestani, Mohammad Tayarani, Mahdieh Allahviranloo, H. Oliver Gao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cordon pricing particulate matter emission exposure activity pattern indoor/outdoor air quality Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7d1c2252fdc4f28805f9d9f52e0754b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7d1c2252fdc4f28805f9d9f52e0754b2021-11-25T16:45:01ZCordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City10.3390/atmos121114582073-4433https://doaj.org/article/c7d1c2252fdc4f28805f9d9f52e0754b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1458https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Road pricing is advocated as an effective travel demand management strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and improve environmental conditions. This paper analyzes the impacts of cordon pricing on the population’s daily activity pattern and their exposure to particulate matter by integrating activity-based models with air quality and exposure models in the case of New York City. To estimate changes in public exposure under cordon pricing scenarios, we take a sample of employees and study their mobility behavior during the day, which is mainly attributed to the location of the work and the time spent at work. The selection of employees and their exposure during the duration of their work is due to the unavailability of exact activity patterns for each individual. We show that the Central Business District (CBD) experiences a high concentration of PM2.5 emissions. Results indicate that implementing cordon pricing scenarios can reduce the population-weighted mean of exposure to PM2.5 emissions by 7% to 13% for our sample and, in particular, by 22% to 28% for those who work in the CBD. Furthermore, using an experimental model and assuming constant conditions, we point out the positive influence on indoor exposure for two locations inside and outside the CBD in response to cordon pricing. Considering the correlation between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and the risks of developing cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, our findings suggest that improved public health conditions could be provided by implementing cordon pricing in the New York City CBD.Amirhossein BaghestaniMohammad TayaraniMahdieh AllahviranlooH. Oliver GaoMDPI AGarticlecordon pricingparticulate matteremission exposureactivity patternindoor/outdoor air qualityMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1458, p 1458 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cordon pricing particulate matter emission exposure activity pattern indoor/outdoor air quality Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	cordon pricing particulate matter emission exposure activity pattern indoor/outdoor air quality Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Amirhossein Baghestani Mohammad Tayarani Mahdieh Allahviranloo H. Oliver Gao Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
description	Road pricing is advocated as an effective travel demand management strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and improve environmental conditions. This paper analyzes the impacts of cordon pricing on the population’s daily activity pattern and their exposure to particulate matter by integrating activity-based models with air quality and exposure models in the case of New York City. To estimate changes in public exposure under cordon pricing scenarios, we take a sample of employees and study their mobility behavior during the day, which is mainly attributed to the location of the work and the time spent at work. The selection of employees and their exposure during the duration of their work is due to the unavailability of exact activity patterns for each individual. We show that the Central Business District (CBD) experiences a high concentration of PM2.5 emissions. Results indicate that implementing cordon pricing scenarios can reduce the population-weighted mean of exposure to PM2.5 emissions by 7% to 13% for our sample and, in particular, by 22% to 28% for those who work in the CBD. Furthermore, using an experimental model and assuming constant conditions, we point out the positive influence on indoor exposure for two locations inside and outside the CBD in response to cordon pricing. Considering the correlation between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and the risks of developing cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, our findings suggest that improved public health conditions could be provided by implementing cordon pricing in the New York City CBD.
format	article
author	Amirhossein Baghestani Mohammad Tayarani Mahdieh Allahviranloo H. Oliver Gao
author_facet	Amirhossein Baghestani Mohammad Tayarani Mahdieh Allahviranloo H. Oliver Gao
author_sort	Amirhossein Baghestani
title	Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
title_short	Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
title_full	Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
title_fullStr	Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
title_full_unstemmed	Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City
title_sort	cordon pricing, daily activity pattern, and exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a case study of new york city
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7d1c2252fdc4f28805f9d9f52e0754b
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Cordon Pricing, Daily Activity Pattern, and Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Case Study of New York City

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