Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions
Chitooligosaccharides exhibit several biomedical activities, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis reduction in mammals. The mechanism of the chitooligosaccharides’ formation in vivo has been, however, poorly understood. Here we report that mouse acidic chitinase (Chia), which is widely expressed i...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:c7e3c168daf14ca5936ba77f5e7f2ff12021-11-11T18:39:18ZMouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions10.3390/molecules262167061420-3049https://doaj.org/article/c7e3c168daf14ca5936ba77f5e7f2ff12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6706https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Chitooligosaccharides exhibit several biomedical activities, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis reduction in mammals. The mechanism of the chitooligosaccharides’ formation in vivo has been, however, poorly understood. Here we report that mouse acidic chitinase (Chia), which is widely expressed in mouse tissues, can produce chitooligosaccharides from deacetylated chitin (chitosan) at pH levels corresponding to stomach and lung tissues. Chia degraded chitin to produce <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers. The block-type chitosan (heterogenous deacetylation) is soluble at pH 2.0 (optimal condition for mouse Chia) and was degraded into chitooligosaccharides with various sizes ranging from di- to nonamers. The random-type chitosan (homogenous deacetylation) is soluble in water that enables us to examine its degradation at pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0. Incubation of these substrates with Chia resulted in the more efficient production of chitooligosaccharides with more variable sizes was from random-type chitosan than from the block-type form of the molecule. The data presented here indicate that Chia digests chitosan acquired by homogenous deacetylation of chitin in vitro and in vivo. The degradation products may then influence different physiological or pathological processes. Our results also suggest that bioactive chitooligosaccharides can be obtained conveniently using homogenously deacetylated chitosan and Chia for various biomedical applications.Satoshi WakitaYasusato SugaharaMasayuki NakamuraSyunsuke KobayashiKazuhisa MatsudaChinatsu TakasakiMasahiro KimuraYuta KidaMaiko UeharaEri TabataKoji HiraokaShiro SekiVaclav MatoskaPeter O. BauerFumitaka OyamaMDPI AGarticleacidic chitinaseblock-type chitosanchitinchitooligosaccharidesFACE methodrandom-type chitosanOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6706, p 6706 (2021) |
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| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
acidic chitinase block-type chitosan chitin chitooligosaccharides FACE method random-type chitosan Organic chemistry QD241-441 |
| spellingShingle |
acidic chitinase block-type chitosan chitin chitooligosaccharides FACE method random-type chitosan Organic chemistry QD241-441 Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Masayuki Nakamura Syunsuke Kobayashi Kazuhisa Matsuda Chinatsu Takasaki Masahiro Kimura Yuta Kida Maiko Uehara Eri Tabata Koji Hiraoka Shiro Seki Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| description |
Chitooligosaccharides exhibit several biomedical activities, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis reduction in mammals. The mechanism of the chitooligosaccharides’ formation in vivo has been, however, poorly understood. Here we report that mouse acidic chitinase (Chia), which is widely expressed in mouse tissues, can produce chitooligosaccharides from deacetylated chitin (chitosan) at pH levels corresponding to stomach and lung tissues. Chia degraded chitin to produce <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers. The block-type chitosan (heterogenous deacetylation) is soluble at pH 2.0 (optimal condition for mouse Chia) and was degraded into chitooligosaccharides with various sizes ranging from di- to nonamers. The random-type chitosan (homogenous deacetylation) is soluble in water that enables us to examine its degradation at pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0. Incubation of these substrates with Chia resulted in the more efficient production of chitooligosaccharides with more variable sizes was from random-type chitosan than from the block-type form of the molecule. The data presented here indicate that Chia digests chitosan acquired by homogenous deacetylation of chitin in vitro and in vivo. The degradation products may then influence different physiological or pathological processes. Our results also suggest that bioactive chitooligosaccharides can be obtained conveniently using homogenously deacetylated chitosan and Chia for various biomedical applications. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Masayuki Nakamura Syunsuke Kobayashi Kazuhisa Matsuda Chinatsu Takasaki Masahiro Kimura Yuta Kida Maiko Uehara Eri Tabata Koji Hiraoka Shiro Seki Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama |
| author_facet |
Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Masayuki Nakamura Syunsuke Kobayashi Kazuhisa Matsuda Chinatsu Takasaki Masahiro Kimura Yuta Kida Maiko Uehara Eri Tabata Koji Hiraoka Shiro Seki Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama |
| author_sort |
Satoshi Wakita |
| title |
Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| title_short |
Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| title_full |
Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| title_fullStr |
Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions |
| title_sort |
mouse acidic chitinase effectively degrades random-type chitosan to chitooligosaccharides of variable lengths under stomach and lung tissue ph conditions |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/c7e3c168daf14ca5936ba77f5e7f2ff1 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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1718431787541069824 |