An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp

Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner. Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field. As a result of continuous developments in...

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Autores principales:	Zhen Li, Xinlai Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	forensic sciences questioned document forensic document examination signature examination photosensitive stamp microspectrophotometry ir analysis fluorescence analysis Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c7fed28a53754f03b5343af44dd6790c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c7fed28a53754f03b5343af44dd6790c2021-11-11T14:23:42ZAn examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp2096-17902471-141110.1080/20961790.2021.1898755https://doaj.org/article/c7fed28a53754f03b5343af44dd6790c2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1898755https://doaj.org/toc/2096-1790https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1411Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner. Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field. As a result of continuous developments in technology, a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature. These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries. In this study, 10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink, 10 brands of fountain pen ink, 15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people. Microscopic analysis, infrared (IR) and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry (MSP) techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers, writing papers and invoice papers. By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens, gel pens and erasable gel pens, it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp. To validate these results, a 96.7% absolute accuracy and a 99.3% detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners, thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.KEY POINTS A signature stamp is a photosensitive seal made in the style of a handwritten signature. Although microscopic analysis can usually provide better examination results, a comprehensive examination method that includes microscopic analysis and ink composition analysis is required to improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process. This study collected and tested photosensitive stamp-pad inks, fountain pen inks, gel inks and erasable inks. Infrared and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry were able to distinguish the photosensitive ink from both erasable ink and fountain pen ink. Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1898755.Zhen LiXinlai LiuTaylor & Francis Grouparticleforensic sciencesquestioned documentforensic document examinationsignature examinationphotosensitive stampmicrospectrophotometryir analysisfluorescence analysisCriminal law and procedureK5000-5582Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENForensic Sciences Research, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 168-182 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	forensic sciences questioned document forensic document examination signature examination photosensitive stamp microspectrophotometry ir analysis fluorescence analysis Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	forensic sciences questioned document forensic document examination signature examination photosensitive stamp microspectrophotometry ir analysis fluorescence analysis Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Zhen Li Xinlai Liu An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
description	Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner. Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field. As a result of continuous developments in technology, a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature. These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries. In this study, 10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink, 10 brands of fountain pen ink, 15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people. Microscopic analysis, infrared (IR) and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry (MSP) techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers, writing papers and invoice papers. By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens, gel pens and erasable gel pens, it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp. To validate these results, a 96.7% absolute accuracy and a 99.3% detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners, thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.KEY POINTS A signature stamp is a photosensitive seal made in the style of a handwritten signature. Although microscopic analysis can usually provide better examination results, a comprehensive examination method that includes microscopic analysis and ink composition analysis is required to improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process. This study collected and tested photosensitive stamp-pad inks, fountain pen inks, gel inks and erasable inks. Infrared and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry were able to distinguish the photosensitive ink from both erasable ink and fountain pen ink. Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1898755.
format	article
author	Zhen Li Xinlai Liu
author_facet	Zhen Li Xinlai Liu
author_sort	Zhen Li
title	An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
title_short	An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
title_full	An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
title_fullStr	An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
title_full_unstemmed	An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
title_sort	examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c7fed28a53754f03b5343af44dd6790c
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An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp

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