Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration

Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti imp...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Oltean-Dan, Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru, Elena-Mihaela Jianu, Sorin Riga, Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Aurora Mocanu, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Gheorghe Tomoaia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	osseointegration modified titanium implants biomimetic composite coating layer-by-layer method bone remodeling bone regeneration Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c83798d5474141f39c85cda984e805c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c83798d5474141f39c85cda984e805c02021-11-25T18:23:20ZBiomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration10.3390/mi121113522072-666Xhttps://doaj.org/article/c83798d5474141f39c85cda984e805c02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1352https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666XInnovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces in a rat model of a diaphyseal femoral fracture. Methodological approaches of surface modification of the Ti implants via the usual joining methods (e.g., grit blasting and acid etching) and advanced physicochemical coating via a self-assembled dip-coating method were used. The biomimetic procedure used multi-substituted hydroxyapatite (ms-HAP) HAP-1.5 wt% Mg-0.2 wt% Zn-0.2 wt% Si nanoparticles (NPs), which were functionalized using collagen type 1 molecules (COL), resulting in ms-HAP/COL (core/shell) NPs that were embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and finally covered with COL layers, obtaining the ms-HAP/COL@PLA/COL composite. To assess the osseointegration issue, first, the thickness, surface morphology and roughness of the BC coating on the Ti implants were determined using AFM and SEM. The BC-coated Ti implants and uncoated Ti implants were then used in Wistar albino rats with a diaphyseal femoral fracture, both in the absence and the presence of high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic shortwave (HF-PESW) stimulation. This study was performed using a bone marker serum concentration and histological and computer tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 2 and 8 weeks after surgical implantation. The implant osseointegration was evaluated through the bone–implant contact (BIC). The bone–implant interface was investigated using FE-SEM images and EDX spectra of the retrieved surgical implants at 8 weeks in the four animal groups. The obtained results showed significantly higher bone–implants contact and bone volume per tissue volume, as well as a greater amount of newly formed bone, in the BC-coated Ti implants than in the uncoated Ti implants. Direct bone–implant contact was also confirmed via histological examination. The results of this study confirmed that these biomimetic composite coatings on Ti implants were essential for a significant enhancement of osseointegration of BC-coated Ti implants and bone regeneration. This research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of bone fractures with possible orthopedic applications.Daniel Oltean-DanGabriela-Bombonica DogaruElena-Mihaela JianuSorin RigaMaria Tomoaia-CotiselAurora MocanuLucian Barbu-TudoranGheorghe TomoaiaMDPI AGarticleosseointegrationmodified titanium implantsbiomimetic composite coatinglayer-by-layer methodbone remodelingbone regenerationMechanical engineering and machineryTJ1-1570ENMicromachines, Vol 12, Iss 1352, p 1352 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	osseointegration modified titanium implants biomimetic composite coating layer-by-layer method bone remodeling bone regeneration Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
spellingShingle	osseointegration modified titanium implants biomimetic composite coating layer-by-layer method bone remodeling bone regeneration Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Daniel Oltean-Dan Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru Elena-Mihaela Jianu Sorin Riga Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel Aurora Mocanu Lucian Barbu-Tudoran Gheorghe Tomoaia Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
description	Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces in a rat model of a diaphyseal femoral fracture. Methodological approaches of surface modification of the Ti implants via the usual joining methods (e.g., grit blasting and acid etching) and advanced physicochemical coating via a self-assembled dip-coating method were used. The biomimetic procedure used multi-substituted hydroxyapatite (ms-HAP) HAP-1.5 wt% Mg-0.2 wt% Zn-0.2 wt% Si nanoparticles (NPs), which were functionalized using collagen type 1 molecules (COL), resulting in ms-HAP/COL (core/shell) NPs that were embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and finally covered with COL layers, obtaining the ms-HAP/COL@PLA/COL composite. To assess the osseointegration issue, first, the thickness, surface morphology and roughness of the BC coating on the Ti implants were determined using AFM and SEM. The BC-coated Ti implants and uncoated Ti implants were then used in Wistar albino rats with a diaphyseal femoral fracture, both in the absence and the presence of high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic shortwave (HF-PESW) stimulation. This study was performed using a bone marker serum concentration and histological and computer tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 2 and 8 weeks after surgical implantation. The implant osseointegration was evaluated through the bone–implant contact (BIC). The bone–implant interface was investigated using FE-SEM images and EDX spectra of the retrieved surgical implants at 8 weeks in the four animal groups. The obtained results showed significantly higher bone–implants contact and bone volume per tissue volume, as well as a greater amount of newly formed bone, in the BC-coated Ti implants than in the uncoated Ti implants. Direct bone–implant contact was also confirmed via histological examination. The results of this study confirmed that these biomimetic composite coatings on Ti implants were essential for a significant enhancement of osseointegration of BC-coated Ti implants and bone regeneration. This research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of bone fractures with possible orthopedic applications.
format	article
author	Daniel Oltean-Dan Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru Elena-Mihaela Jianu Sorin Riga Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel Aurora Mocanu Lucian Barbu-Tudoran Gheorghe Tomoaia
author_facet	Daniel Oltean-Dan Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru Elena-Mihaela Jianu Sorin Riga Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel Aurora Mocanu Lucian Barbu-Tudoran Gheorghe Tomoaia
author_sort	Daniel Oltean-Dan
title	Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
title_short	Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
title_full	Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
title_fullStr	Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
title_full_unstemmed	Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration
title_sort	biomimetic composite coatings for activation of titanium implant surfaces: methodological approach and in vivo enhanced osseointegration
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c83798d5474141f39c85cda984e805c0
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Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration

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