RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>

ABSTRACT In this work, we analyzed viral prevalence in trypanosomatid parasites (Blechomonas spp.) infecting Siphonaptera and discovered nine species of viruses from three different groups (leishbunyaviruses, narnaviruses, and leishmaniaviruses). Most of the flagellate isolates bore two or three vir...

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Autores principales:	Danyil Grybchuk, Alexei Y. Kostygov, Diego H. Macedo, Jan Votýpka, Julius Lukeš, Vyacheslav Yurchenko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Blechomonas Leishbunyaviridae Leishmaniavirus Narnaviridae Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c83ccfec67894a819d3498289b12fb98
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c83ccfec67894a819d3498289b12fb982021-11-15T15:58:20ZRNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>10.1128/mBio.01932-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/c83ccfec67894a819d3498289b12fb982018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01932-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT In this work, we analyzed viral prevalence in trypanosomatid parasites (Blechomonas spp.) infecting Siphonaptera and discovered nine species of viruses from three different groups (leishbunyaviruses, narnaviruses, and leishmaniaviruses). Most of the flagellate isolates bore two or three viral types (mixed infections). Although no new viral groups were documented in Blechomonas spp., our findings are important for the comprehension of viral evolution. The discovery of bunyaviruses in blechomonads was anticipated, since these viruses have envelopes facilitating their interspecific transmission and have already been found in various trypanosomatids and metatranscriptomes with trypanosomatid signatures. In this work, we also provided evidence that even representatives of the family Narnaviridae are capable of host switching and evidently have accomplished switches multiple times in the course of their evolution. The most unexpected finding was the presence of leishmaniaviruses, a group previously solely confined to the human pathogens Leishmania spp. From phylogenetic inferences and analyses of the life cycles of Leishmania and Blechomonas, we concluded that a common ancestor of leishmaniaviruses most likely infected Leishmania first and was acquired by Blechomonas by horizontal transfer. Our findings demonstrate that evolution of leishmaniaviruses is more complex than previously thought and includes occasional host switching. IMPORTANCE Flagellates belonging to the genus Leishmania are important human parasites. Some strains of different Leishmania species harbor viruses (leishmaniaviruses), which facilitate metastatic spread of the parasites, thus aggravating the disease. Up until now, these viruses were known to be hosted only by Leishmania. Here, we analyzed viral distribution in Blechomonas, a related group of flagellates parasitizing fleas, and revealed that they also bear leishmaniaviruses. Our findings shed light on the entangled evolution of these viruses. In addition, we documented that Blechomonas can be also infected by leishbunyaviruses and narnaviruses, viral groups known from other insects’ flagellates.Danyil GrybchukAlexei Y. KostygovDiego H. MacedoJan VotýpkaJulius LukešVyacheslav YurchenkoAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBlechomonasLeishbunyaviridaeLeishmaniavirusNarnaviridaeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Blechomonas Leishbunyaviridae Leishmaniavirus Narnaviridae Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Blechomonas Leishbunyaviridae Leishmaniavirus Narnaviridae Microbiology QR1-502 Danyil Grybchuk Alexei Y. Kostygov Diego H. Macedo Jan Votýpka Julius Lukeš Vyacheslav Yurchenko RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
description	ABSTRACT In this work, we analyzed viral prevalence in trypanosomatid parasites (Blechomonas spp.) infecting Siphonaptera and discovered nine species of viruses from three different groups (leishbunyaviruses, narnaviruses, and leishmaniaviruses). Most of the flagellate isolates bore two or three viral types (mixed infections). Although no new viral groups were documented in Blechomonas spp., our findings are important for the comprehension of viral evolution. The discovery of bunyaviruses in blechomonads was anticipated, since these viruses have envelopes facilitating their interspecific transmission and have already been found in various trypanosomatids and metatranscriptomes with trypanosomatid signatures. In this work, we also provided evidence that even representatives of the family Narnaviridae are capable of host switching and evidently have accomplished switches multiple times in the course of their evolution. The most unexpected finding was the presence of leishmaniaviruses, a group previously solely confined to the human pathogens Leishmania spp. From phylogenetic inferences and analyses of the life cycles of Leishmania and Blechomonas, we concluded that a common ancestor of leishmaniaviruses most likely infected Leishmania first and was acquired by Blechomonas by horizontal transfer. Our findings demonstrate that evolution of leishmaniaviruses is more complex than previously thought and includes occasional host switching. IMPORTANCE Flagellates belonging to the genus Leishmania are important human parasites. Some strains of different Leishmania species harbor viruses (leishmaniaviruses), which facilitate metastatic spread of the parasites, thus aggravating the disease. Up until now, these viruses were known to be hosted only by Leishmania. Here, we analyzed viral distribution in Blechomonas, a related group of flagellates parasitizing fleas, and revealed that they also bear leishmaniaviruses. Our findings shed light on the entangled evolution of these viruses. In addition, we documented that Blechomonas can be also infected by leishbunyaviruses and narnaviruses, viral groups known from other insects’ flagellates.
format	article
author	Danyil Grybchuk Alexei Y. Kostygov Diego H. Macedo Jan Votýpka Julius Lukeš Vyacheslav Yurchenko
author_facet	Danyil Grybchuk Alexei Y. Kostygov Diego H. Macedo Jan Votýpka Julius Lukeš Vyacheslav Yurchenko
author_sort	Danyil Grybchuk
title	RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
title_short	RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
title_full	RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
title_fullStr	RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>
title_sort	rna viruses in <italic toggle="yes">blechomonas</italic> (trypanosomatidae) and evolution of <italic toggle="yes">leishmaniavirus</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/c83ccfec67894a819d3498289b12fb98
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RNA Viruses in <italic toggle="yes">Blechomonas</italic> (Trypanosomatidae) and Evolution of <italic toggle="yes">Leishmaniavirus</italic>

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