Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin

ABSTRACT Highly transmissible influenza viruses (IV) must remain stable and infectious under a wide range of environmental conditions following release from the respiratory tract into the air. Understanding how expelled IV persist in the environment is critical to limiting the spread of these viruse...

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Autores principales:	Karen A. Kormuth, Kaisen Lin, Zhihong Qian, Michael M. Myerburg, Linsey C. Marr, Seema S. Lakdawala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	aerosols droplets influenza virus persistence relative humidity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c84e108348b6457aae7b078e6d78088b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c84e108348b6457aae7b078e6d78088b2021-11-15T15:22:27ZEnvironmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin10.1128/mSphere.00552-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/c84e108348b6457aae7b078e6d78088b2019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00552-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Highly transmissible influenza viruses (IV) must remain stable and infectious under a wide range of environmental conditions following release from the respiratory tract into the air. Understanding how expelled IV persist in the environment is critical to limiting the spread of these viruses. Little is known about how the stability of different IV in expelled aerosols is impacted by exposure to environmental stressors, such as relative humidity (RH). Given that not all IV are equally capable of efficient airborne transmission in people, we anticipated that not all IV would respond uniformly to ambient RH. Therefore, we have examined the stability of human-pathogenic seasonal and avian IV in suspended aerosols and stationary droplets under a range of RH conditions. H3N2 and influenza B virus (IBV) isolates are resistant to RH-dependent decay in aerosols in the presence of human airway surface liquid, but we observed strain-dependent variations in the longevities of H1N1, H3N2, and IBV in droplets. Surprisingly, low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N1 and H9N2 viruses, which cause sporadic infections in humans but are unable to transmit person to person, demonstrated a trend toward increased sensitivity at midrange to high-range RH. Taken together, our observations suggest that the levels of vulnerability to decay at midrange RH differ with virus type and host origin. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of influenza viruses (IV) from person to person during seasonal epidemics causes acute respiratory infections that can lead to hospitalizations and life-threatening illness. Atmospheric conditions such as relative humidity (RH) can impact the viability of IV released into the air. To understand how different IV are affected by their environment, we compared the levels of stability of human-pathogenic seasonal and avian IV under a range of RH conditions and found that highly transmissible seasonal IV were less sensitive to decay under midrange RH conditions in droplets. We observed that certain RH conditions can support the persistence of infectious viruses on surfaces and in the air for extended periods of time. Together, our findings will facilitate understanding of factors affecting the persistence and spread of IV in our environment.Karen A. KormuthKaisen LinZhihong QianMichael M. MyerburgLinsey C. MarrSeema S. LakdawalaAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleaerosolsdropletsinfluenza viruspersistencerelative humidityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aerosols droplets influenza virus persistence relative humidity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	aerosols droplets influenza virus persistence relative humidity Microbiology QR1-502 Karen A. Kormuth Kaisen Lin Zhihong Qian Michael M. Myerburg Linsey C. Marr Seema S. Lakdawala Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
description	ABSTRACT Highly transmissible influenza viruses (IV) must remain stable and infectious under a wide range of environmental conditions following release from the respiratory tract into the air. Understanding how expelled IV persist in the environment is critical to limiting the spread of these viruses. Little is known about how the stability of different IV in expelled aerosols is impacted by exposure to environmental stressors, such as relative humidity (RH). Given that not all IV are equally capable of efficient airborne transmission in people, we anticipated that not all IV would respond uniformly to ambient RH. Therefore, we have examined the stability of human-pathogenic seasonal and avian IV in suspended aerosols and stationary droplets under a range of RH conditions. H3N2 and influenza B virus (IBV) isolates are resistant to RH-dependent decay in aerosols in the presence of human airway surface liquid, but we observed strain-dependent variations in the longevities of H1N1, H3N2, and IBV in droplets. Surprisingly, low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N1 and H9N2 viruses, which cause sporadic infections in humans but are unable to transmit person to person, demonstrated a trend toward increased sensitivity at midrange to high-range RH. Taken together, our observations suggest that the levels of vulnerability to decay at midrange RH differ with virus type and host origin. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of influenza viruses (IV) from person to person during seasonal epidemics causes acute respiratory infections that can lead to hospitalizations and life-threatening illness. Atmospheric conditions such as relative humidity (RH) can impact the viability of IV released into the air. To understand how different IV are affected by their environment, we compared the levels of stability of human-pathogenic seasonal and avian IV under a range of RH conditions and found that highly transmissible seasonal IV were less sensitive to decay under midrange RH conditions in droplets. We observed that certain RH conditions can support the persistence of infectious viruses on surfaces and in the air for extended periods of time. Together, our findings will facilitate understanding of factors affecting the persistence and spread of IV in our environment.
format	article
author	Karen A. Kormuth Kaisen Lin Zhihong Qian Michael M. Myerburg Linsey C. Marr Seema S. Lakdawala
author_facet	Karen A. Kormuth Kaisen Lin Zhihong Qian Michael M. Myerburg Linsey C. Marr Seema S. Lakdawala
author_sort	Karen A. Kormuth
title	Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
title_short	Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
title_full	Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
title_fullStr	Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin
title_sort	environmental persistence of influenza viruses is dependent upon virus type and host origin
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/c84e108348b6457aae7b078e6d78088b
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_version_	1718427976676147200

Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin

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