Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

Abstract Carbon nanostructures are promising ballistic protection materials, due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. Recent experimental and computational investigations on the behavior of graphene under impact conditions revealed exceptional energy absorption properties as wel...

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Autores principales:	Rafael A. Bizao, Leonardo D. Machado, Jose M. de Sousa, Nicola M. Pugno, Douglas S. Galvao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c88c5d2064184b179bfc2eaa444d5cc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c88c5d2064184b179bfc2eaa444d5cc42021-12-02T16:08:26ZScale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets10.1038/s41598-018-25050-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c88c5d2064184b179bfc2eaa444d5cc42018-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25050-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Carbon nanostructures are promising ballistic protection materials, due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. Recent experimental and computational investigations on the behavior of graphene under impact conditions revealed exceptional energy absorption properties as well. However, the reported numerical and experimental values differ by an order of magnitude. In this work, we combined numerical and analytical modeling to address this issue. In the numerical part, we employed reactive molecular dynamics to carry out ballistic tests on single, double, and triple-layered graphene sheets. We used velocity values within the range tested in experiments. Our numerical and the experimental results were used to determine parameters for a scaling law. We find that the specific penetration energy decreases as the number of layers (N) increases, from ∼15 MJ/kg for N = 1 to ∼0.9 MJ/kg for N = 350, for an impact velocity of 900 m/s. These values are in good agreement with simulations and experiments, within the entire range of N values for which data is presently available. Scale effects explain the apparent discrepancy between simulations and experiments.Rafael A. BizaoLeonardo D. MachadoJose M. de SousaNicola M. PugnoDouglas S. GalvaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rafael A. Bizao Leonardo D. Machado Jose M. de Sousa Nicola M. Pugno Douglas S. Galvao Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
description	Abstract Carbon nanostructures are promising ballistic protection materials, due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. Recent experimental and computational investigations on the behavior of graphene under impact conditions revealed exceptional energy absorption properties as well. However, the reported numerical and experimental values differ by an order of magnitude. In this work, we combined numerical and analytical modeling to address this issue. In the numerical part, we employed reactive molecular dynamics to carry out ballistic tests on single, double, and triple-layered graphene sheets. We used velocity values within the range tested in experiments. Our numerical and the experimental results were used to determine parameters for a scaling law. We find that the specific penetration energy decreases as the number of layers (N) increases, from ∼15 MJ/kg for N = 1 to ∼0.9 MJ/kg for N = 350, for an impact velocity of 900 m/s. These values are in good agreement with simulations and experiments, within the entire range of N values for which data is presently available. Scale effects explain the apparent discrepancy between simulations and experiments.
format	article
author	Rafael A. Bizao Leonardo D. Machado Jose M. de Sousa Nicola M. Pugno Douglas S. Galvao
author_facet	Rafael A. Bizao Leonardo D. Machado Jose M. de Sousa Nicola M. Pugno Douglas S. Galvao
author_sort	Rafael A. Bizao
title	Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
title_short	Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
title_full	Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
title_fullStr	Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
title_full_unstemmed	Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets
title_sort	scale effects on the ballistic penetration of graphene sheets
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/c88c5d2064184b179bfc2eaa444d5cc4
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafaelabizao scaleeffectsontheballisticpenetrationofgraphenesheets AT leonardodmachado scaleeffectsontheballisticpenetrationofgraphenesheets AT josemdesousa scaleeffectsontheballisticpenetrationofgraphenesheets AT nicolampugno scaleeffectsontheballisticpenetrationofgraphenesheets AT douglassgalvao scaleeffectsontheballisticpenetrationofgraphenesheets
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Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

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