The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children

ABSTRACT Acute otitis media (AOM), secretory otitis media (SOM), and acute pharyngotonsillitis are the most frequent reasons for visits to general practitioners, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Microbial colonization of the epithelial lining of Waldeyer’s lymphatic tissues, consisting of the p...

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Autores principales:	Helena Fagö-Olsen, Laura Marie Dines, Christian Hjort Sørensen, Anders Jensen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	16S rRNA genes adenoids adenotonsillectomy microbiome otitis media with effusion tonsils Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c8a2758396354e278b8873ea6f6848fc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c8a2758396354e278b8873ea6f6848fc2021-12-02T19:46:18ZThe Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children10.1128/mSystems.00169-182379-5077https://doaj.org/article/c8a2758396354e278b8873ea6f6848fc2019-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00169-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Acute otitis media (AOM), secretory otitis media (SOM), and acute pharyngotonsillitis are the most frequent reasons for visits to general practitioners, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Microbial colonization of the epithelial lining of Waldeyer’s lymphatic tissues, consisting of the palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, adenoids, and Eustachian tube tonsil, is a well-known clinical challenge during infancy due to frequent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections. However, no previous studies have investigated the combined role of the palatine tonsils and the adenoids as a reservoir for pathogens associated with SOM in small children. We analyzed the combined crypt microbiome of the palatine tonsils and adenoids from 14 small children with hyperplasia of the tonsils or adenoids and 14 small children with SOM using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Our study demonstrated a significant difference between the microbiome of the adenoids and that of the palatine tonsils in the two groups but not between the two anatomical locations within the two groups. In particular, the potential pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were almost exclusively found in the adenoids of both patient groups, indicating that the adenoids and not the palatine tonsils are the main reservoir for potential pathogens leading to AOM and SOM. IMPORTANCE Our findings that the microbiome differs between crypts of the adenoids and crypts of the palatine tonsils, including the relative abundances of potential pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, may be the stepping stone for further investigation of individual microbiomes in a longitudinal design that includes recording of the fluctuating health status of the child. Such studies may have the potential to lead to new preventive measurements such as implantation of protective nonpathogens at the nasopharynx as an alternative to adenoidectomy.Helena Fagö-OlsenLaura Marie DinesChristian Hjort SørensenAnders JensenAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle16S rRNA genesadenoidsadenotonsillectomymicrobiomeotitis media with effusiontonsilsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	16S rRNA genes adenoids adenotonsillectomy microbiome otitis media with effusion tonsils Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	16S rRNA genes adenoids adenotonsillectomy microbiome otitis media with effusion tonsils Microbiology QR1-502 Helena Fagö-Olsen Laura Marie Dines Christian Hjort Sørensen Anders Jensen The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
description	ABSTRACT Acute otitis media (AOM), secretory otitis media (SOM), and acute pharyngotonsillitis are the most frequent reasons for visits to general practitioners, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Microbial colonization of the epithelial lining of Waldeyer’s lymphatic tissues, consisting of the palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, adenoids, and Eustachian tube tonsil, is a well-known clinical challenge during infancy due to frequent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections. However, no previous studies have investigated the combined role of the palatine tonsils and the adenoids as a reservoir for pathogens associated with SOM in small children. We analyzed the combined crypt microbiome of the palatine tonsils and adenoids from 14 small children with hyperplasia of the tonsils or adenoids and 14 small children with SOM using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Our study demonstrated a significant difference between the microbiome of the adenoids and that of the palatine tonsils in the two groups but not between the two anatomical locations within the two groups. In particular, the potential pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were almost exclusively found in the adenoids of both patient groups, indicating that the adenoids and not the palatine tonsils are the main reservoir for potential pathogens leading to AOM and SOM. IMPORTANCE Our findings that the microbiome differs between crypts of the adenoids and crypts of the palatine tonsils, including the relative abundances of potential pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, may be the stepping stone for further investigation of individual microbiomes in a longitudinal design that includes recording of the fluctuating health status of the child. Such studies may have the potential to lead to new preventive measurements such as implantation of protective nonpathogens at the nasopharynx as an alternative to adenoidectomy.
format	article
author	Helena Fagö-Olsen Laura Marie Dines Christian Hjort Sørensen Anders Jensen
author_facet	Helena Fagö-Olsen Laura Marie Dines Christian Hjort Sørensen Anders Jensen
author_sort	Helena Fagö-Olsen
title	The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
title_short	The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
title_full	The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
title_fullStr	The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
title_full_unstemmed	The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children
title_sort	adenoids but not the palatine tonsils serve as a reservoir for bacteria associated with secretory otitis media in small children
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/c8a2758396354e278b8873ea6f6848fc
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The Adenoids but Not the Palatine Tonsils Serve as a Reservoir for Bacteria Associated with Secretory Otitis Media in Small Children

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