Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials

Abstract The European Union has set ambitious CO2 reduction targets, stimulating renewable energy production and accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy in northern European waters, mainly the North Sea. With increasing size and clustering, offshore wind farms (OWFs) wake effects, which alte...

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Autores principales:	Naveed Akhtar, Beate Geyer, Burkhardt Rockel, Philipp S. Sommer, Corinna Schrum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c8bb766548d14226af1c3f403ff1f97a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c8bb766548d14226af1c3f403ff1f97a2021-12-02T17:50:56ZAccelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials10.1038/s41598-021-91283-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c8bb766548d14226af1c3f403ff1f97a2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91283-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The European Union has set ambitious CO2 reduction targets, stimulating renewable energy production and accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy in northern European waters, mainly the North Sea. With increasing size and clustering, offshore wind farms (OWFs) wake effects, which alter wind conditions and decrease the power generation efficiency of wind farms downwind become more important. We use a high-resolution regional climate model with implemented wind farm parameterizations to explore offshore wind energy production limits in the North Sea. We simulate near future wind farm scenarios considering existing and planned OWFs in the North Sea and assess power generation losses and wind variations due to wind farm wake. The annual mean wind speed deficit within a wind farm can reach 2–2.5 ms−1 depending on the wind farm geometry. The mean deficit, which decreases with distance, can extend 35–40 km downwind during prevailing southwesterly winds. Wind speed deficits are highest during spring (mainly March–April) and lowest during November–December. The large-size of wind farms and their proximity affect not only the performance of its downwind turbines but also that of neighboring downwind farms, reducing the capacity factor by 20% or more, which increases energy production costs and economic losses. We conclude that wind energy can be a limited resource in the North Sea. The limits and potentials for optimization need to be considered in climate mitigation strategies and cross-national optimization of offshore energy production plans are inevitable.Naveed AkhtarBeate GeyerBurkhardt RockelPhilipp S. SommerCorinna SchrumNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Naveed Akhtar Beate Geyer Burkhardt Rockel Philipp S. Sommer Corinna Schrum Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
description	Abstract The European Union has set ambitious CO2 reduction targets, stimulating renewable energy production and accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy in northern European waters, mainly the North Sea. With increasing size and clustering, offshore wind farms (OWFs) wake effects, which alter wind conditions and decrease the power generation efficiency of wind farms downwind become more important. We use a high-resolution regional climate model with implemented wind farm parameterizations to explore offshore wind energy production limits in the North Sea. We simulate near future wind farm scenarios considering existing and planned OWFs in the North Sea and assess power generation losses and wind variations due to wind farm wake. The annual mean wind speed deficit within a wind farm can reach 2–2.5 ms−1 depending on the wind farm geometry. The mean deficit, which decreases with distance, can extend 35–40 km downwind during prevailing southwesterly winds. Wind speed deficits are highest during spring (mainly March–April) and lowest during November–December. The large-size of wind farms and their proximity affect not only the performance of its downwind turbines but also that of neighboring downwind farms, reducing the capacity factor by 20% or more, which increases energy production costs and economic losses. We conclude that wind energy can be a limited resource in the North Sea. The limits and potentials for optimization need to be considered in climate mitigation strategies and cross-national optimization of offshore energy production plans are inevitable.
format	article
author	Naveed Akhtar Beate Geyer Burkhardt Rockel Philipp S. Sommer Corinna Schrum
author_facet	Naveed Akhtar Beate Geyer Burkhardt Rockel Philipp S. Sommer Corinna Schrum
author_sort	Naveed Akhtar
title	Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
title_short	Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
title_full	Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
title_fullStr	Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
title_full_unstemmed	Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
title_sort	accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c8bb766548d14226af1c3f403ff1f97a
work_keys_str_mv	AT naveedakhtar acceleratingdeploymentofoffshorewindenergyalterwindclimateandreducefuturepowergenerationpotentials AT beategeyer acceleratingdeploymentofoffshorewindenergyalterwindclimateandreducefuturepowergenerationpotentials AT burkhardtrockel acceleratingdeploymentofoffshorewindenergyalterwindclimateandreducefuturepowergenerationpotentials AT philippssommer acceleratingdeploymentofoffshorewindenergyalterwindclimateandreducefuturepowergenerationpotentials AT corinnaschrum acceleratingdeploymentofoffshorewindenergyalterwindclimateandreducefuturepowergenerationpotentials
_version_	1718379313195122688

Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials

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