Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.

<h4>Background</h4>Whole genome sequencing allowed the development of a number of high resolution sequence based typing tools for Yersinia (Y.) pestis. The application of these methods on isolates from most known foci worldwide and in particular from China and the Former Soviet Union has...

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Autores principales:	Julia M Riehm, Gilles Vergnaud, Daniel Kiefer, Tserennorov Damdindorj, Otgonbaatar Dashdavaa, Tungalag Khurelsukh, Lothar Zöller, Roman Wölfel, Philippe Le Flèche, Holger C Scholz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c8e8d242196e45408f65bc09c334d4fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c8e8d242196e45408f65bc09c334d4fe2021-11-18T07:27:46ZYersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030624https://doaj.org/article/c8e8d242196e45408f65bc09c334d4fe2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22363455/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Whole genome sequencing allowed the development of a number of high resolution sequence based typing tools for Yersinia (Y.) pestis. The application of these methods on isolates from most known foci worldwide and in particular from China and the Former Soviet Union has dramatically improved our understanding of the population structure of this species. In the current view, Y. pestis including the non or moderate human pathogen Y. pestis subspecies microtus emerged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis about 2,600 to 28,600 years ago in central Asia. The majority of central Asia natural foci have been investigated. However these investigations included only few strains from Mongolia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Prokaryotic Repeats (CRISPR) analysis and Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) with 25 loci was performed on 100 Y. pestis strains, isolated from 37 sampling areas in Mongolia. The resulting data were compared with previously published data from more than 500 plague strains, 130 of which had also been previously genotyped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The comparison revealed six main clusters including the three microtus biovars Ulegeica, Altaica, and Xilingolensis. The largest cluster comprises 78 isolates, with unique and new genotypes seen so far in Mongolia only. Typing of selected isolates by key SNPs was used to robustly assign the corresponding clusters to previously defined SNP branches.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We show that Mongolia hosts the most recent microtus clade (Ulegeica). Interestingly no representatives of the ancestral Y. pestis subspecies pestis nodes previously identified in North-western China were identified in this study. This observation suggests that the subsequent evolution steps within Y. pestis pestis did not occur in Mongolia. Rather, Mongolia was most likely re-colonized by more recent clades coming back from China contemporary of the black death pandemic, or more recently in the past 600 years.Julia M RiehmGilles VergnaudDaniel KieferTserennorov DamdindorjOtgonbaatar DashdavaaTungalag KhurelsukhLothar ZöllerRoman WölfelPhilippe Le FlècheHolger C ScholzPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e30624 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julia M Riehm Gilles Vergnaud Daniel Kiefer Tserennorov Damdindorj Otgonbaatar Dashdavaa Tungalag Khurelsukh Lothar Zöller Roman Wölfel Philippe Le Flèche Holger C Scholz Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Whole genome sequencing allowed the development of a number of high resolution sequence based typing tools for Yersinia (Y.) pestis. The application of these methods on isolates from most known foci worldwide and in particular from China and the Former Soviet Union has dramatically improved our understanding of the population structure of this species. In the current view, Y. pestis including the non or moderate human pathogen Y. pestis subspecies microtus emerged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis about 2,600 to 28,600 years ago in central Asia. The majority of central Asia natural foci have been investigated. However these investigations included only few strains from Mongolia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Prokaryotic Repeats (CRISPR) analysis and Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) with 25 loci was performed on 100 Y. pestis strains, isolated from 37 sampling areas in Mongolia. The resulting data were compared with previously published data from more than 500 plague strains, 130 of which had also been previously genotyped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The comparison revealed six main clusters including the three microtus biovars Ulegeica, Altaica, and Xilingolensis. The largest cluster comprises 78 isolates, with unique and new genotypes seen so far in Mongolia only. Typing of selected isolates by key SNPs was used to robustly assign the corresponding clusters to previously defined SNP branches.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We show that Mongolia hosts the most recent microtus clade (Ulegeica). Interestingly no representatives of the ancestral Y. pestis subspecies pestis nodes previously identified in North-western China were identified in this study. This observation suggests that the subsequent evolution steps within Y. pestis pestis did not occur in Mongolia. Rather, Mongolia was most likely re-colonized by more recent clades coming back from China contemporary of the black death pandemic, or more recently in the past 600 years.
format	article
author	Julia M Riehm Gilles Vergnaud Daniel Kiefer Tserennorov Damdindorj Otgonbaatar Dashdavaa Tungalag Khurelsukh Lothar Zöller Roman Wölfel Philippe Le Flèche Holger C Scholz
author_facet	Julia M Riehm Gilles Vergnaud Daniel Kiefer Tserennorov Damdindorj Otgonbaatar Dashdavaa Tungalag Khurelsukh Lothar Zöller Roman Wölfel Philippe Le Flèche Holger C Scholz
author_sort	Julia M Riehm
title	Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
title_short	Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
title_full	Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
title_fullStr	Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
title_full_unstemmed	Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.
title_sort	yersinia pestis lineages in mongolia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/c8e8d242196e45408f65bc09c334d4fe
work_keys_str_mv	AT juliamriehm yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT gillesvergnaud yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT danielkiefer yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT tserennorovdamdindorj yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT otgonbaatardashdavaa yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT tungalagkhurelsukh yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT lotharzoller yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT romanwolfel yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT philippelefleche yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia AT holgercscholz yersiniapestislineagesinmongolia
_version_	1718423438517862400

Yersinia pestis lineages in Mongolia.

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