Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents

Abstract Remediation of soils contaminated with metal must ensure high efficiency of metals removal, reduce bioavailability of residual metals and decrease ecological risk. Thus, for comprehensive environmental soil quality assessment, different indices must be used. In this study, suitability of 8...

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Autores principales:	Barbara K. Klik, Zygmunt M. Gusiatin, Dorota Kulikowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c930aeec16bd4cdb883e014715eb03ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c930aeec16bd4cdb883e014715eb03ee2021-12-02T11:40:20ZSuitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents10.1038/s41598-020-77312-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c930aeec16bd4cdb883e014715eb03ee2020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77312-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Remediation of soils contaminated with metal must ensure high efficiency of metals removal, reduce bioavailability of residual metals and decrease ecological risk. Thus, for comprehensive environmental soil quality assessment, different indices must be used. In this study, suitability of 8 indices was used for soil highly contaminated with Cu (7874.5 mg kg−1), moderately with Pb (1414.3 mg kg−1) and low with Zn (566.1 mg kg−1), washed in batch and dynamic conditions with both conventional and next-generation washing agents. The following indices were used: modified contamination factor (mC f ), modified contamination factor degree (mC deg ), mobility factor (MF), reduced partition index (IR), potential ecological risk factor (E r,Z ), modified potential ecological risk factor (E r,m ), potential ecological risk index (RI Z ) and modified ecological risk index (RI m ). For mC f, mC deg and IR own classification scale was proposed. It was proven that most useful indices for assessment of soil pollution with metals were mC f and mC deg . The mC f together with the IR allow to simultaneous assessment of soil pollution and stability for individual metals. These indices were appropriate for soil contaminated with different concentrations of metals, washed under both hydrodynamic conditions using various washing agents and different effectiveness of metals removal. Thus, they may be considered as most useful for evaluation of remediation method, feasibility of washing agent and assessing soil quality after washing.Barbara K. KlikZygmunt M. GusiatinDorota KulikowskaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Barbara K. Klik Zygmunt M. Gusiatin Dorota Kulikowska Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
description	Abstract Remediation of soils contaminated with metal must ensure high efficiency of metals removal, reduce bioavailability of residual metals and decrease ecological risk. Thus, for comprehensive environmental soil quality assessment, different indices must be used. In this study, suitability of 8 indices was used for soil highly contaminated with Cu (7874.5 mg kg−1), moderately with Pb (1414.3 mg kg−1) and low with Zn (566.1 mg kg−1), washed in batch and dynamic conditions with both conventional and next-generation washing agents. The following indices were used: modified contamination factor (mC f ), modified contamination factor degree (mC deg ), mobility factor (MF), reduced partition index (IR), potential ecological risk factor (E r,Z ), modified potential ecological risk factor (E r,m ), potential ecological risk index (RI Z ) and modified ecological risk index (RI m ). For mC f, mC deg and IR own classification scale was proposed. It was proven that most useful indices for assessment of soil pollution with metals were mC f and mC deg . The mC f together with the IR allow to simultaneous assessment of soil pollution and stability for individual metals. These indices were appropriate for soil contaminated with different concentrations of metals, washed under both hydrodynamic conditions using various washing agents and different effectiveness of metals removal. Thus, they may be considered as most useful for evaluation of remediation method, feasibility of washing agent and assessing soil quality after washing.
format	article
author	Barbara K. Klik Zygmunt M. Gusiatin Dorota Kulikowska
author_facet	Barbara K. Klik Zygmunt M. Gusiatin Dorota Kulikowska
author_sort	Barbara K. Klik
title	Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
title_short	Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
title_full	Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
title_fullStr	Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
title_full_unstemmed	Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
title_sort	suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/c930aeec16bd4cdb883e014715eb03ee
work_keys_str_mv	AT barbarakklik suitabilityofenvironmentalindicesinassessmentofsoilremediationwithconventionalandnextgenerationwashingagents AT zygmuntmgusiatin suitabilityofenvironmentalindicesinassessmentofsoilremediationwithconventionalandnextgenerationwashingagents AT dorotakulikowska suitabilityofenvironmentalindicesinassessmentofsoilremediationwithconventionalandnextgenerationwashingagents
_version_	1718395671078240256

Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents

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