The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification

In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have long been associated with plants impaired in their ability to synthesize lignin. The brown midrib 30 (Bmr30) gene, identified using a bulk segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing, was determined to encode a...

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Autores principales:	Hannah M. Tetreault, Tammy Gries, Sarah Liu, John Toy, Zhanguo Xin, Wilfred Vermerris, John Ralph, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Scott E. Sattler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	lignin biosynthesis flavonoid biosynthesis tricin lignin mutant NMR monolignol Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c94a49fb1f914ed7b7ed7633d7ec1e04
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c94a49fb1f914ed7b7ed7633d7ec1e042021-12-02T08:50:44ZThe Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.732307https://doaj.org/article/c94a49fb1f914ed7b7ed7633d7ec1e042021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.732307/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XIn sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have long been associated with plants impaired in their ability to synthesize lignin. The brown midrib 30 (Bmr30) gene, identified using a bulk segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing, was determined to encode a chalcone isomerase (CHI). Two independent mutations within this gene confirmed that loss of its function was responsible for the brown leaf midrib phenotype and reduced lignin concentration. Loss of the Bmr30 gene function, as shown by histochemical staining of leaf midrib and stalk sections, resulted in altered cell wall composition. In the bmr30 mutants, CHI activity was drastically reduced, and the accumulation of total flavonoids and total anthocyanins was impaired, which is consistent with its function in flavonoid biosynthesis. The level of the flavone lignin monomer tricin was reduced 20-fold in the stem relative to wild type, and to undetectable levels in the leaf tissue of the mutants. The bmr30 mutant, therefore, harbors a mutation in a phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene that is key to the interconnection between flavonoids and monolignols, both of which are utilized for lignin synthesis in the grasses.Hannah M. TetreaultHannah M. TetreaultTammy GriesTammy GriesSarah LiuJohn ToyJohn ToyZhanguo XinWilfred VermerrisJohn RalphDeanna L. Funnell-HarrisDeanna L. Funnell-HarrisScott E. SattlerScott E. SattlerFrontiers Media S.A.articlelignin biosynthesisflavonoid biosynthesistricin ligninmutantNMRmonolignolPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lignin biosynthesis flavonoid biosynthesis tricin lignin mutant NMR monolignol Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	lignin biosynthesis flavonoid biosynthesis tricin lignin mutant NMR monolignol Plant culture SB1-1110 Hannah M. Tetreault Hannah M. Tetreault Tammy Gries Tammy Gries Sarah Liu John Toy John Toy Zhanguo Xin Wilfred Vermerris John Ralph Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Scott E. Sattler Scott E. Sattler The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
description	In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have long been associated with plants impaired in their ability to synthesize lignin. The brown midrib 30 (Bmr30) gene, identified using a bulk segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing, was determined to encode a chalcone isomerase (CHI). Two independent mutations within this gene confirmed that loss of its function was responsible for the brown leaf midrib phenotype and reduced lignin concentration. Loss of the Bmr30 gene function, as shown by histochemical staining of leaf midrib and stalk sections, resulted in altered cell wall composition. In the bmr30 mutants, CHI activity was drastically reduced, and the accumulation of total flavonoids and total anthocyanins was impaired, which is consistent with its function in flavonoid biosynthesis. The level of the flavone lignin monomer tricin was reduced 20-fold in the stem relative to wild type, and to undetectable levels in the leaf tissue of the mutants. The bmr30 mutant, therefore, harbors a mutation in a phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene that is key to the interconnection between flavonoids and monolignols, both of which are utilized for lignin synthesis in the grasses.
format	article
author	Hannah M. Tetreault Hannah M. Tetreault Tammy Gries Tammy Gries Sarah Liu John Toy John Toy Zhanguo Xin Wilfred Vermerris John Ralph Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Scott E. Sattler Scott E. Sattler
author_facet	Hannah M. Tetreault Hannah M. Tetreault Tammy Gries Tammy Gries Sarah Liu John Toy John Toy Zhanguo Xin Wilfred Vermerris John Ralph Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Deanna L. Funnell-Harris Scott E. Sattler Scott E. Sattler
author_sort	Hannah M. Tetreault
title	The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
title_short	The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
title_full	The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
title_fullStr	The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
title_full_unstemmed	The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification
title_sort	sorghum (sorghum bicolor) brown midrib 30 gene encodes a chalcone isomerase required for cell wall lignification
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c94a49fb1f914ed7b7ed7633d7ec1e04
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The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification

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