Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review

This literature review is intended to provide oversight on the anatomy, incidence, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of coccydynia. Relevant articles were retrieved with PubMed using keywords such as “coccydynia”, “coccyx”, “coccyx pain”, and “coccygectomy. Literature accumulated for...

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Autor principal:	Ali Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Al Muthanna University 2021
Materias:	coccydynia coccyx coccyx pain Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c94eaee1da024fdd87bb3570b0de8ba6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c94eaee1da024fdd87bb3570b0de8ba62021-11-25T20:16:03ZUpdate options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review10.52113/1/2410-4590/2021-1-92226-146X2410-4590https://doaj.org/article/c94eaee1da024fdd87bb3570b0de8ba62021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://muthmj.mu.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Update-options-in-the-treatment-of-coccydinatail-bone-painarticle-review.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2226-146Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2410-4590This literature review is intended to provide oversight on the anatomy, incidence, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of coccydynia. Relevant articles were retrieved with PubMed using keywords such as “coccydynia”, “coccyx”, “coccyx pain”, and “coccygectomy. Literature accumulated for this study was accumulated from PubMed using sourcombined to form this study. Images were also added from three separate sources to aid in the understanding of the coccyx and coccydynia. Focal points of this study included the anatomy of the coccyx, etiology and presentation of coccydynia, how to properly diagnose coccydynia, and possible treatments for the variety of etioloces. The coccyx morphology is defined using different methods by different authors as presented in this study. There is no conclusive quantitative data on the incidence of coccydynia; however, there are important factors that lead to increased risk of coccydynia such as obesity, age, and female gender. Injury to the coccyx or coccygeal joints with surrounding tissue inflammation and contraction of the muscles attached to the coccyx causes coccydynia. Diagnosis is made predominantly in clinical examinations with static standard radiographs, CT, and routine blood tests. Treatment options include conservative care, physical therapy, intrarectal massage and manipulation, sacrococcygeal injections (including ganglion impar block), and coccygectomy. Many cases are resolved with conservative treatments, despite the wide array of etiologies for the diagnosis. In more extreme cases, physician intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical treatment is used as a last resort.Ali Taha Hassan Al-AzzawiAl Muthanna Universityarticlecoccydyniacoccyxcoccyx painMedicineRENMuthanna Medical Journal, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coccydynia coccyx coccyx pain Medicine R
spellingShingle	coccydynia coccyx coccyx pain Medicine R Ali Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
description	This literature review is intended to provide oversight on the anatomy, incidence, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of coccydynia. Relevant articles were retrieved with PubMed using keywords such as “coccydynia”, “coccyx”, “coccyx pain”, and “coccygectomy. Literature accumulated for this study was accumulated from PubMed using sourcombined to form this study. Images were also added from three separate sources to aid in the understanding of the coccyx and coccydynia. Focal points of this study included the anatomy of the coccyx, etiology and presentation of coccydynia, how to properly diagnose coccydynia, and possible treatments for the variety of etioloces. The coccyx morphology is defined using different methods by different authors as presented in this study. There is no conclusive quantitative data on the incidence of coccydynia; however, there are important factors that lead to increased risk of coccydynia such as obesity, age, and female gender. Injury to the coccyx or coccygeal joints with surrounding tissue inflammation and contraction of the muscles attached to the coccyx causes coccydynia. Diagnosis is made predominantly in clinical examinations with static standard radiographs, CT, and routine blood tests. Treatment options include conservative care, physical therapy, intrarectal massage and manipulation, sacrococcygeal injections (including ganglion impar block), and coccygectomy. Many cases are resolved with conservative treatments, despite the wide array of etiologies for the diagnosis. In more extreme cases, physician intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical treatment is used as a last resort.
format	article
author	Ali Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi
author_facet	Ali Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi
author_sort	Ali Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi
title	Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
title_short	Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
title_full	Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
title_fullStr	Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
title_full_unstemmed	Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
title_sort	update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
publisher	Al Muthanna University
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c94eaee1da024fdd87bb3570b0de8ba6
work_keys_str_mv	AT alitahahassanalazzawi updateoptionsinthetreatmentofcoccydinatailbonepainarticlereview
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Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review

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